6/9/2015 English 1 Literary Terms

6/9/2015 English 2 Protagonist The hero or central character of a story.

6/9/2015 English 3 Antagonist A person or force which opposes the protagonist

Subordinate Characters Less important characters 6/9/2015 English 4

6/9/2015 English 5 PLOT A series of related events, each event connected to the next, like links in a chain.

Direct Characterization Directly telling you about the character’s personality. “He was a tall, lean, dark-haired young man in a pullover sweater, who looked as though he had played not football, probably, but basketball in college.” 6/9/2015 English 6

Indirect Characterization Revealing personality traits through the character’s thoughts, words, and actions, as well as through other characters' comments. In this excerpt the author uses indirect characterization to show one character’s kindness: “…when people ventured timidly into his office, it took only a few words from him to make them relax, and even laugh.” 6/9/2015 English 7

Character Types Flat Character-a character who has only one or two key personality traits. Round Character-a character who has many personality traits. 6/9/2015 English 8

Character Types (cont.) Static Character-a character who does not change throughout the story. Dynamic Character-is changed by story events. Stock character-a one-sided character whom we think of as a “type”-for example, the absent minded professor. 6/9/2015 English 9

6/9/2015 English 10 PLOT Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Denouement / Resolution FIVE PARTS OF PLOT

6/9/2015 English 11 PLOT Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Denouement

6/9/2015 English 12 Exposition Sets up the story and introduces the characters, conflict, and setting.

6/9/2015 English 13 Rising Action The events that build from the conflict.

6/9/2015 English 14 Climax High point of the story and the point at which the outcome can be predicted.

6/9/2015 English 15 Falling Action Events after the climax, which close the story and lead to the resolution.

6/9/2015 English 16 Denouement (Resolution) The very end of the story, when the loose ends of the plot are tied up.

6/9/2015 English 17 Imagery Language that evokes one or all of the five senses: seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, touching.

Flashback A writer uses flashback to relate or describe an event from the past. 6/9/2015 English 18

Tone Attitude a writer takes toward his or her characters and life in general: Playful, sarcastic, affectionate, or full of remorse 6/9/2015 English 19

6/9/2015 English 20 TONE Notice the change in tone: “An odor filled the room.” “A stink filled the room.” Open pg 569 in your Writing and Grammar book. Which words have a more negative connotation.

6/9/2015 English 21 MOOD Atmosphere or feeling created in a piece of writing Scary, romantic, depressing, comic, mysterious, etc.

6/9/2015 English 22 MOOD Affected by word choice, events in plot, characters, setting, and theme.

6/9/2015 English 23 Foreshadowing Use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later.

6/9/2015 English 24 Conflict Struggle found in fiction Internal or External

6/9/2015 English 25 External Conflict Man vs. Man Man vs. Nature Man vs. Fate Man vs. Society

6/9/2015 English 26 Internal Conflict An emotional conflict within a character

Examples of conflict in Holes Man vs nature-Stanley vs. harsh conditions of Camp Green lake Man vs. society-Stanley vs. the society of Camp Greenlake Man vs. Society-Kate Barlow and Sam vs. racist society Man vs. man-Stanley vs. the Warden Man vs. fate-Stanley vs. the curse placed on his family Internal conflict-Stanley has to deal with his insecurities. 6/9/2015 English 27

6/9/2015 English 28 Irony Implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant Three Kinds of Irony –Verbal irony –Dramatic irony –Irony of situation

6/9/2015 English 29 Verbal Irony Author says one thing and means something else. Antony says Brutus is “an honorable man” but doesn’t really believe so. Antony’s intent is to stir up the crowd to mutiny against Brutus.

6/9/2015 English 30 Dramatic Irony Audience knows something that a character in the literature does not know. In the film Mean Girls, the audience knows that Cady is spying on Regina and is plotting to destroy Regina’s reputation.

6/9/2015 English 31 Irony of Situation When what is expected does not occur. In the resolution of “Contents of a Dead Man’s Pocket”, the paper flies out the window and Tom leaves it. This is unexpected.

6/9/2015 English 32 Author’s Purpose Why the writer is writing the piece.

6/9/2015 English 33 Point of View (P.O.V.) The perspective from which the action in a story is viewed.

6/9/2015 English 34 Example: An automobile accident occurs. Two drivers are involved. Witnesses include four sidewalk spectators, a policeman, a man with a video camera who happened to be shooting the scene, and the pilot of a helicopter that was flying overhead. Here we have nine different points of view and, most likely, nine different descriptions of the accident

6/9/2015 English 35 First Person POV The narrator does participate in the action of the story. We should question the trustworthiness of the storytelling because the narrator also has reasons for doing or saying what they do.

6/9/2015 English 36 Third Person POV  The narrator does not participate in the action of the story as one of the characters. Lets us know exactly how the characters feel. We learn about the characters through this outside voice. omniscient or limited omniscient

6/9/2015 English 37 Omniscient A narrator who knows everything about all the characters is all knowing.

6/9/2015 English 38 Limited Omniscient POV A narrator whose knowledge is limited to one character, either major or minor.

6/9/2015 English 39 Theme The general idea or insight about life. “I think the author wants me to understand….”

6/9/2015 English 40 Allusion A reference to a person, event, or place, or to a work of art. Examples: bible, fiction, nonfiction, paintings, etc.

6/9/2015 English 41 Allusion Example: Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.

6/9/2015 English 42 PLOT- There are 5 parts of plot Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Denouement / Resolution Title: