Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa

DEE BLACKIE Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa

DEE BLACKIE Courage Child Protection Audit: South Africa Prioritised Disempowerment Areas DISEMPOWERMENT weight EMPOWERMENT 1Neglect/Non Delivery Action/Care/Delivery 2Violence/Anarchy Values & Belief Set 3Hate/Anger/Resentment Love/Forgiveness/Empathy 4Low Self Esteem/No responsibility High Self Esteem/Responsibility 5Exploitation/No trust Partnership/Mutual trust 6Addiction/Directionless Leadership/Vision/Purpose 7Ignorance/Dishonesty Knowledge/Accountability

DEE BLACKIE ALL CHILDREN BELOW THE AGE OF 18 YEARS Number of children*Who they are living with*What is their living environment* In country? (% of total) In each province? (% of total) In each community? (% of total) By gender (% of total) Number of child births per year? Number of child deaths per year? −Prematurity? −Abandonment? −Illness? −Disease? −Neglect? −Abuse? −Suicide? Average child life expectancy? Birth mother and father? Birth mother only? Birth father only? Grandparent/s? Extended family? Legal guardian? On their own? −On the street? −In a home (Child Headed HH)? Wards of the state? −Institution/home? −Foster care? −Correctional facility? Permanent legal adoption? −Local vs international? Urban/Rural split? Living in poverty? (% of total) Social security support? Formal home vs Informal home? −Access to electricity? −Access to clean water? −Access to adequate sanitation? Access to a family environment? Access to a safe home/place to sleep? Access to adequate nutrition? Access to early childhood development? Access to adequate education? Access to health care services? Access to play/recreation? Child protection overview* Macro child protection challenges: Registration & Citizenship? Disease? −HIV/AIDS? −FASD? −Other? Disability? −Premature birth? −Physical disability? −Mental disability? Orphans? Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors? Family related child protection challenges: Informal (illegal) adoption? Parent drug or alcohol abuse? Psychological maltreatment: ridiculing, terrorizing, corrupting, denying love and affection? Bullying (tangible & cyber)? Isolation and internment? Female circumcision? Harmful male circumcision? Virginity testing? (age/consent) Child/Teen crisis pregnancy? Criminal child protection challenges: Late/illegal abortion? Child abandonment? −Unsafe vs safe? Child neglect? Child living/working on street? Physical abuse/ill-treatment? Murder or Attempted murder Corporal punishment? Sexual abuse? Child trafficking? Child exploitation? Child labour? Child marriage? * Each metric should be assessed by age, living environment e.g. may want to compare urban vs rural.

DEE BLACKIE South African Child Protection Review Number of Children: –In country: 18.6 million children (UNICEF 2012) –Average By province: Pie graph on next page (children 0-4 years) –In each community: info not available –By gender: 25% female and 28% male (Children between 0-14 years- statssa.gov.za 2011) –Number of child births per year: per year (UNICEF 2012) –Number of child deaths per year: under the age of 5 (UNICEF 2012) –Respiratory Infections 19% (2011 who.int) –Diarrhoea 18% (2011 who.int) –Anaemia 21.4% (2015 Wikipedia) –Malnutrition 5.6 million deaths per year (2015 Wikipedia) –Other 5% (2010-ftp.bhfglobal.com) – child life expectancy: 52.3 years (UNICEF 2012)

DEE BLACKIE Graph showing the number of children ages 0-4 years in each province in South Africa beta2.statssa.gov.za

DEE BLACKIE South Africa Child Protection Review Who the children live with: –Birth mother and father: 34.8% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za) –Birth mother only: 38.8% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za) –Birth father only: 3.4% (2012 childrencount.ci.org.za) –Grandparent/s: 8% (2013.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News) –Extended family: 16% (2013.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News) –Legal guardian info not available –On the street: ( 2014 Sad,Bad and Mad thesis, Dee Blackie) –In a home (Child Headed HH): ( 2012 UNICEF) –Wards of the state? 345 registered (2012 UNICEF) –Institution/home: (2012 UNICEF) –Foster care: reported in 2008 ( UNICEF) –Correctional facility: 240 (2013 Wikipedia) –Permanent legal adoption? Adoptions- 5853/ 1400 in 2014 Inter-country adoptions- 845 (2010 UNICEF) –Local vs international? 1580 international adoptions between (2014 Blackie)

DEE BLACKIE Graph showing the percentage of children 18 years and under living with their parents in each province in South Africa

DEE BLACKIE South Africa Child Protection Review Living Environment: –Urban/Rural split: 45% rural and 55% urban –Living in poverty: 56% of children live below the poverty line ( 2014 iol.co.za) –Social security support: social grant for 9,8 million children in 2010 (UNICEF) –Formal home vs Informal home: formal- 73.6% informal- 11.3% ( 2013 childrencount.ci.org.za) –Access to electricity: 80% have access (2010 UNICEF) –Access to clean water: 34% of children DO NOT have access to water (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012) –Access to adequate sanitation: 31% of children DO NOT have access to adequate sanitation (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012) Family environment: –Access to a family environment: info not available –Access to a safe home/place to sleep: info not available –Access to adequate nutrition: 3.3 million children are underfed (childrencount.ci.org.za 2012) –Access to early childhood development: 84% DO NOT have access to formal ECD (2011 who.int) –Access to adequate education: 99% had access to primary school education ( 2012 UNICEF) –Access to health care services: 83% (2011- Wikipedia.com) –Access to play/recreation: info not available

DEE BLACKIE South Africa: Macro Child Protection Challenges Registration & Citizenship: 95% (UNICEF 2012) Disease: –HIV/AIDS: children (UNICEF 2012) –FASD: Between 6-11% depending on the area (Newspaper article by Shelley Seid) –Other: 5% (2010-ftp.bhfglobal.com) –Disability: 11.2% of the child population has a disability (2012-UNICEF) –Premature birth: 12% (2012-who.int) –Physical disability: info not found –Mental disability: info not found Orphans: 4 million children are orphans (UNICEF 2013) Illegal immigrants/refugees/ unaccompanied minors: 5 million illegal immigrants (2013- Wikipedia)

DEE BLACKIE Graph showing the percentage of children that are either Double orphan, Paternal orphan or Maternal orphan in all 9 provinces childrencount.ci.org.za

DEE BLACKIE South Africa: Family Child Protection Challenges Informal (illegal) adoption: info not available Parent drug or alcohol abuse: 1 in every 10 parent has a drug/alcohol addiction (2013-.health24.com) Psychological maltreatment: Info not available Bullying (tangible & cyber): 37% (2012-UNICEF) Isolation and internment : info not available Female circumcision: 3 million girls annually (2011- who.int) Harmful male circumcision: 1460 reported harmful circumcision (2012-UNICEF) Virginity testing? (age/consent): ages years (2014-health24.com) Child/Teen crisis pregnancy: reported annually (2013-.ibtimes.com)

DEE BLACKIE South African Criminal Child Protection Challenges Late/illegal abortion : 57% of child deaths are caused by illegal abortion (2014- Wikipedia) Child abandonment (Safe vs unsafe): 45% of children are abandoned (2010- UNICEF) Child neglect: 2 million cases reported in 2000 (2012-UNICEF) Child living/working on street: children (2014 Bad Sad & Mad thesis- Dee Blackie) Physical abuse/ill-treatment: 14% (2010 UNICEF) Murder or Attempted murder: 758 attempted murder cases reported 2012 (2010- UNICEF) Corporal punishment: 59% (2012-UNICEF) Sexual abuse: reported cases in 2012 (2012-UNICEF) Child trafficking: reported cases of child prostitution and suspected trafficking (2005-mediamonitoringafrica.org) Child exploitation: children reported in 2010 (2012-UNICEF) Child labour: children reported in 2010 (2012-UNICEF) Child marriage: 5.6% of women get married before 18 (UNICEF 2012)

DEE BLACKIE Pie graph showing the main reasons for admission of children into youth centre UNICEF

Thank you