Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 1 Requirements Specification Section Five Version: 1.0 Mehr 1383

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 2 نگاه اجمالي 1.بررسي مفاهيم مرتبط با شناسايي نيازهاي نرم افزار 2.بيان روشهاي مستند سازي، الگوهاي موجود و سرفصل مطالب مورد نياز در مستندات نيازها 3.معرفي نقشهاي موثر در توليد مستندات نيازها و استفاده از آنها 4.بررسي تکنيکهاي مختلف مستندسازي نيازها، مزايا و معايب هر يک از اين تکنيکها 5.معرفي فاکتورهاي مورد توجه در انتخاب تکنيکها و ابزارهاي مستندسازي نيازها

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 3 مجموعه پرسشها 1.چه افرادي در توليد و استفاده از مستندات نيازها نقش دارند؟ 2.روشهاي مختلف ذخيره و بازيابي نيازهاي نرم افزاري چيست؟ 3.چه فاکتورهايي در انتخاب تکنيکهاي مستندسازي درنظر گرفته مي شوند؟

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 4 راهنماي مدرس ( اسلايدهاي 5-15) در اين مجموعه اسلايدها، مفاهيم مرتبط با شناسايي نيازهاي نرم افزار ، نحوه مستند سازي، الگوهاي موجود و سرفصل مطالب مورد نياز در مستندات نيازها بيان مي گردد. نقشهايي که در توليد مستندات و استفاده از آنها نقش دارند، مشخص مي شوند. همچنين مستنداتي که نيازهاي نرم افزار بر مبناي آنها تشخيص داده مي شود، تعيين مي گردد.

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 5 What is SRS? The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) captures the software requirements for the complete system, or a portion of that system. The SRS focuses on the collection and organization of all requirements surrounding your project. The SRS package controls the evolution of the system throughout the development phase of the project, as new features are added or modified to the Vision document, they are elaborated within the SRS Package. What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 6 What is SRS? The SRS Package is not a frozen tome, it is an active, living artifact. It serves as a basis of communication between all parties - i.e., between the developers themselves, and between the developers and the external groups (users and other stakeholders) with whom they must communicate. What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 7 SRS Standards Several recommended guides and standards exist to help define the structure of requirements documentation. Include IEEE P1233/D3 IEEE Std IEEE Std ISO/IEC IEEE Std Concept of Operations What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 8 SRS Outline (Based on RUP) Traditional outline: Introduction Overall Description Specific Requirements – Functionality – Usability – Reliability – Performance – Supportability – Design Constraints – Online User Documentation and Help System Requirements – Purchased Components – Interfaces – Licensing Requirements – Legal, Copyright and Other Notices – Applicable Standards Supporting Information What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 9 SRS Outline (Based on RUP) SRS with Use Cases outline: Introduction Purpose Scope Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations References Overview Overall Description Use-Case Model Survey Assumptions and Dependencies Specific Requirements Use-Case Reports Supplementary Requirements Supporting Information

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 10 Artifacts Relationships in RUP

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 11 Who Uses SRS? The following people use the Software Requirements Specification: The system analyst creates and maintains the Vision and Supplementary Specifications, which serves as input to the SRS and are the communication medium between the system analyst, the customer, and other developers. The requirements specifier creates and maintains the individual use case and other components of the SRS package, Designers use the SRS Package as a reference when defining responsibilities, operations, and attributes on classes, and when adjusting classes to the implementation environment. Who

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 12 Who Uses SRS? (con.) Implementers refer to the SRS Package for input when implementing classes. The Project Manager refers to the SRS Package for input when planning iterations. Testers use the SRS Package to verify system compliance. Who

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 13 Vision Defines the stakeholders view of the product to be developed, specified in terms of the stakeholders key needs and features. The Vision provides a high-level, sometimes contractual basis for the more detailed technical requirements. It captures the "essence" of the envisaged solution in the form of high-level requirements and design constraints that give the reader an overview of the system to be developed from a behavioral requirements perspective. What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 14 Supplementary Specification The Supplementary Specification artifact capture system requirements that are not readily captured in behavioral requirements artifacts such as use-case specifications. What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 15 From Vision to SRS The SRS Package is obviously related to the Vision document. Vision document serves as the input to the SRS. But the two artifacts serve different needs and are written by different authors. In SRS the focus of the document moves from the broad statement of user needs, goals and objectives, target markets and features of the system to the details of how these features are going to be implemented in the solution. How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 16 راهنماي مدرس ( اسلايدهاي17 -26) مستندسازي نيازهايي که در طي فرآيند مهندسي نيازها مشخص مي شوند، يکي از فعاليتهايي است که بايد در فرآيند انجام شود. نحوه مستندسازي،تکنيکهاي موجود در سازمان دهي نيازها، تکنيکهاي ذخيره سازي، ابزارهايي که بدين منظور مورد استفاده قرار مي گيرند، مزايا و معايب هر يک ، شرايطي که در انتخاب هر يک از اين ابزارها بايد مورد توجه قرار گيرند، در اين مجموع اسلايدها شرح داده مي شوند. همچنين ابزاري به منظور مستندسازي نيازها معرفي مي شود.

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 17 Other Templates Related to SRS Guideline: Software Requirements Specification Checklist: Software Requirements Specification

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 18 Requirements identification It is essential for requirements management that every requirement should have a unique identification The most common approach is requirements numbering based on chapter/section in the requirements document. Problems with this are: –Numbers cannot be unambiguously assigned until the document is complete –Assigning chapter/section numbers is an implicit classification of the requirement. This can mislead readers of the document into thinking that the most important relationships are with requirements in the same section How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 19 Requirements identification techniques Dynamic renumbering –Some word processing systems allow for automatic renumbering of paragraphs and the inclusion of cross-references. Database record identification –When a requirement is identified it is entered in a requirements database and a database record identifier is assigned. This database identifier is used in all subsequent references to the requirement Symbolic identification –Giving each requirement a symbolic name. For example, EFF-1, EFF-2, EFF-3 for system efficiency requirements How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 20 Storing requirements Requirements have to be stored in such a way that they can be accessed easily and related to other system requirements Possible storage techniques are –In one or more word processor files - requirements are stored in the requirements document –In a specially designed requirements database How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 21 Word processor documents Advantages –Requirements are all stored in the same place –Requirements may be accessed by anyone with the right word processor –It is easy to produce the final requirements document Disadvantages –Requirements dependencies must be externally maintained –Search facilities are limited –Not possible to link requirements with proposed requirements changes –Not possible to have version control on individual requirements –No automated navigation from one requirement to another How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 22 Requirements database Each requirement is represented as one or more database entities Database query language is used to access requirements Advantages –Good query and navigation facilities –Support for change and version management Disadvantages –Readers may not have the software/skills to access the requirements database –The link between the database and the requirements document must be maintained How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 23 Requirements DB - choice factors The statement of requirements –If there is a need to store more than just simple text, a database with multimedia capabilities may have to be used. The number of requirements –Larger systems usually need a database which is designed to manage a very large volume of data running on a specialised database server. Teamwork, team distribution and computer support –If the requirements are developed by a distributed team of people, perhaps from different organisations, you need a database which provides for remote, multi-site access. What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 24 Database choice factors CASE tool use –The database should be the same as or compatible with CASE tool databases. However, this can be a problem with some CASE tools which use their own proprietary database Existing database usage –If a database for software engineering support is already in use, this should be used for requirements management. What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 25 A Sample Documentation Tool SoDA is a flexible, powerful documentation tool that can help you publish project documents by retrieving information from your project software tools. SoDA is an acronym for Software Documentation Automation. SoDA is a report generation tool that supports reporting and formal documentation requirements for defining custom reports and documents. The primary function of SoDA is to retrieve information from various sources and use it to generate a document or report according to a template. SoDA comes with several predefined templates, or you can use its template-building component to build templates for your specific needs. What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 26 SoDA for Word Adds document generation to the capabilities of Microsoft Word Performs incremental document regeneration to reduce turnaround time Preserves data entered directly into the document from generation to generation Enables extraction of data from multiple information sources, such as Rational Rose and Rational RequisitePro, to create a single document Maintains consistency between documents and information sources What

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 27 مجموعه پرسشها 1.چه افرادي در توليد و استفاده از مستندات نيازها نقش دارند؟چه افرادي در توليد و استفاده از مستندات نيازها نقش دارند؟ 2.روشهاي مختلف ذخيره و بازيابي نيازهاي نرم افزاري چيست؟روشهاي مختلف ذخيره و بازيابي نيازهاي نرم افزاري چيست؟ 3.چه فاکتورهايي در انتخاب تکنيکهاي مستندسازي درنظر گرفته مي شوند؟چه فاکتورهايي در انتخاب تکنيکهاي مستندسازي درنظر گرفته مي شوند؟

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 28 Who Uses SRS? The following people use the Software Requirements Specification: The system analyst creates and maintains the Vision and Supplementary Specifications, which serves as input to the SRS and are the communication medium between the system analyst, the customer, and other developers. The requirements specifier creates and maintains the individual use case and other components of the SRS package, Designers use the SRS Package as a reference when defining responsibilities, operations, and attributes on classes, and when adjusting classes to the implementation environment. Who

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 29 Who Uses SRS? (con.) Implementers refer to the SRS Package for input when implementing classes. The Project Manager refers to the SRS Package for input when planning iterations. Testers use the SRS Package to verify system compliance. Who

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 30 مجموعه پرسشها 1.چه افرادي در توليد و استفاده از مستندات نيازها نقش دارند؟چه افرادي در توليد و استفاده از مستندات نيازها نقش دارند؟ 2.روشهاي مختلف ذخيره و بازيابي نيازهاي نرم افزاري چيست؟روشهاي مختلف ذخيره و بازيابي نيازهاي نرم افزاري چيست؟ 3.چه فاکتورهايي در انتخاب تکنيکهاي مستندسازي درنظر گرفته مي شوند؟چه فاکتورهايي در انتخاب تکنيکهاي مستندسازي درنظر گرفته مي شوند؟

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 31 Storing requirements Requirements have to be stored in such a way that they can be accessed easily and related to other system requirements Possible storage techniques are –In one or more word processor files - requirements are stored in the requirements document –In a specially designed requirements database How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 32 Word processor documents Advantages –Requirements are all stored in the same place –Requirements may be accessed by anyone with the right word processor –It is easy to produce the final requirements document Disadvantages –Requirements dependencies must be externally maintained –Search facilities are limited –Not possible to link requirements with proposed requirements changes –Not possible to have version control on individual requirements –No automated navigation from one requirement to another How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 33 Requirements database Each requirement is represented as one or more database entities Database query language is used to access requirements Advantages –Good query and navigation facilities –Support for change and version management Disadvantages –Readers may not have the software/skills to access the requirements database –The link between the database and the requirements document must be maintained How

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 34 مجموعه پرسشها 1.چه افرادي در توليد و استفاده از مستندات نيازها نقش دارند؟چه افرادي در توليد و استفاده از مستندات نيازها نقش دارند؟ 2.روشهاي مختلف ذخيره و بازيابي نيازهاي نرم افزاري چيست؟روشهاي مختلف ذخيره و بازيابي نيازهاي نرم افزاري چيست؟ 3.چه فاکتورهايي در انتخاب تکنيکهاي مستندسازي درنظر گرفته مي شوند؟چه فاکتورهايي در انتخاب تکنيکهاي مستندسازي درنظر گرفته مي شوند؟

Amirkabir University of Technology, Computer Engineering Faculty, Intelligent Systems Laboratory 35 Database choice factors CASE tool use –The database should be the same as or compatible with CASE tool databases. However, this can be a problem with some CASE tools which use their own proprietary database Existing database usage –If a database for software engineering support is already in use, this should be used for requirements management. What