21-1 Kinesiology for Manual Therapies Chapter 21 Muscular Analysis of the Trunk and Lower-Extremity Exercises McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-2 Learning Outcomes o 21-1 Analyze movements to determine the joint actions and the types of contractions occurring in the specific muscles involved in those movements Categorize groups of individual muscles that produce certain joint movements. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-3 Learning Outcomes (cont.)  21-3 Demonstrate specific clinical flexibility and strengthening exercises for the lower extremity.  21-4 Explain how certain muscle groups might have an effect on lower-extremity dysfunctions. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-4 Learning Outcomes (cont.)  21-5 Apply the concept of the open kinetic chain to the lower extremity.  21-6 Identify the contraindications in performing the exercises in this chapter.  21-7 Recognize the concepts of analyzing and prescribing exercises to strengthen major muscle groups. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-5 Introduction  The exercises in this chapter focus on the muscles in the trunk and lower extremities.  Strength, endurance, and flexibility of these muscles are important for skillful physical performance and body maintenance. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-6 Muscle Contraction  A contraction of a muscle is determined by whether the muscle is lengthening or shortening during the movement.  Contraction against gravity is evident in the lower extremities when the body moves in a vertical position. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-7 Muscle Contraction (cont.)  Resistance training is advised to build muscle mass for athletes as well as the general public.  As the body ages muscle mass decreases, a condition called sarcopenia, and as a result, the body is more susceptible to injuries as well as decreased metabolism. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-8 Muscle Contraction (cont.)  Traditional kinesiology is the study of the science of muscle movement which involves biomechanics, prescribed exercise, and anatomy.  Refer to Table 12.1 on page 244, that shows the protocol for performing AIS. This chapter continues analyzing muscles through exercise.  Stay within the scope of practice of your profession. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-9 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity – Flexibility Analysis – Trunk Hyperextension – Stretching the Rectus Abdominis and Internal and External Obliques McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-10 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity – Flexibility Analysis (cont.) – Trunk Hyperextension – Stretching the Rectus Abdominis and Internal and External Obliques McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-11 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis-Reverse-Crunch Flexion – Rectus Abdominis and External and Internal Obliques McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-12 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis-Reverse-Crunch Flexion – Rectus Abdominis and External and Internal Obliques McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-13 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Reverse-Crunch Flexion Muscle Actions McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-14 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Bent-Knee Trunk Flexion – Stretching the Erector Spinae McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-15 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Bent-Knee Trunk Flexion – Stretching the Erector Spinae McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-16 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Trunk Stabilization – Erector Spinae, Multifidus, Quadratus Lumborum, Gluteus Maximus, Proximal Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-17 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Trunk Stabilization – Erector Spinae, Multifidus, Quadratus Lumborum, Gluteus Maximus, Proximal Biceps Femoris, Semimembranosus, and Semitendinosus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-18 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Trunk Stabilization Muscle Actions McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-19 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Straight Hamstring Stretch Proximal Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-20 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Straight Hamstring Stretch Proximal Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-21 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Straight-Leg Hip Hyperextension Proximal Hamstrings and Gluteus Maximus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-22 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Straight-Leg Hip Hyperextension Proximal Hamstrings and Gluteus Maximus McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-23 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Straight-Leg Hip Hyperextension Muscle Actions McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-24 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Quadriceps Stretch Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medius, and Vastus Intermedius McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-25 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Flexibility Analysis – Quadriceps Stretch Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medius, and Vastus Intermedius McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-26 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Physio-Ball Wall Squats Quadriceps, Gluteus Maximus, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Hamstrings, and Sartorius McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-27 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Strengthening Analysis – Physio-Ball Wall Squats Quadriceps, Gluteus Maximus, Tensor Fasciae Latae, Hamstrings, and Sartorius McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-28 Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the Trunk and Lower Extremity (cont.) – Physio-Ball Wall Squats Muscle Actions McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-29 Chapter Summary  This chapter reviewed the trunk and lower-extremity activities, muscle contraction, resistance exercise, and the concept of traditional kinesiology as it is applied to physical education. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-30 Chapter Summary (cont.)  Analysis of Clinical Flexibility and Therapeutic Exercise of the trunk and lower extremity explored stretching and strengthening of a variety of muscles. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-31 Chapter Review  The Chapter Review is divided into true and false, short answers, and multiple choice questions.  The questions are designed for the students to test their knowledge. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

21-32 Explore and Practice  Activities in this section are for practice and demonstration.  Field trip activities will help utilize the information in the chapter. McGraw-Hill © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved