THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES Objectives 9. Consequences of deforestation include: reduction in biodiversity, soil erosion, increase sediment deposits and climate change, the loss of valuable sources of plant chemicals that might have potential benefits for humans. 15. The carbon cycle may be affected by human activities such as deforestation and combustion leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect. 16. Climate change and global warming may be the result of human activities. 17. The carbon footprint may be seen as the total amount of carbon dioxide attributable to the actions of an individual or a product or service over a period of one year. 18. Scarcity of water may become a major issue for future food production and there will be a need to develop drought resistant crops. 19. The increased use of nitrogen containing fertilisers has had some harmful effects on both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. 20. On agricultural land there has been a reduction in species diversity in grassland. 21. Nitrate leached into rivers has caused eutrophication and algal blooms. 22. Digging drainage ditches has had a detrimental effect on habitats resulting in reduced biodiversity. 23. The use of biofuels may be a way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, environmentally a major adoption of biofuels will reduce biodiversity.

Deforestation Causes 1. Industrial uses 2. Agricultural 3. Livestock Consequences of deforestation include: reduction in biodiversity, soil erosion, increase sediment deposits and climate change, the loss of valuable sources of plant chemicals that might have potential benefits for humans http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hllU9NEcJyg Deforestation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4jhjt1_eyM Causes 1. Industrial uses 2. Agricultural 3. Livestock Effects 1. Soil erosion / Flooding 2. Loss of habitat / Extinctions 3. Loss trees as carbon sink

Climate change and global warming may be the result of human activities.

The carbon cycle may be affected by human activities such as deforestation and combustion leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

Rise is sea levels due to The carbon cycle may be affected by human activities such as deforestation and combustion leading to an enhanced greenhouse effect. Rise is sea levels due to Expansion/melting Lost land Flooding Starvation Extinction! Global warming CO, CO2, CH3

The carbon footprint may be seen as the total amount of carbon dioxide attributable to the actions of an individual or a product or service over a period of one year. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8q7_aV8eLUE

Nitrates from fertilizers leak into fresh water & cause eutrophication The increased use of nitrogen containing fertilisers has had some harmful effects on both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Nitrate leached into rivers has caused eutrophication and algal blooms. Nitrates from fertilizers leak into fresh water & cause eutrophication https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGqZsSuG7ao Intensive farming

On agricultural land there has been a reduction in species diversity in grassland. Digging drainage ditches has had a detrimental effect on habitats resulting in reduced biodiversity. Pesticides accumulate in the environment and rise in the food chain Pesticide use http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5P-UoKLxlA Can we fix the problem of drainage ditches? http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Default.aspx?Menu=Menu&Module=More&Location=None&Completed=0&ProjectID=10080 Are drainage ditches so bad? https://ousewasheslps.wordpress.com/2014/01/07/owlp-ditch-biodiversity-survey-results/

Scarcity of water may become a major issue for future food production and there will be a need to develop drought resistant crops. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6OdeM1BZ1c http://www.farmafrica.org/latest/news/post/572-drought-tolerant-seeds-help-harvests-double-in-kenya

The use of biofuels may be a way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions The use of biofuels may be a way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, environmentally a major adoption of biofuels will reduce biodiversity. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ck3FYVNl6s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_Fw6y4T3Po http://wwf.panda.org/?212777/Europes-biofuels-not-guaranteed-sustainable-finds-new-study

WHAT WHY HOW (How it conserves BD) YOUR TASK Using the resources on www.msjoconnor.weebly.com and your own research complete the task for each syllabus point in the 5.8 section. As most questions are synoptic, there are few questions solely on this topic. You need to make links with what you’ve learnt in other portions of the syllabus. Complete the tasks in the booklet which is downloadable on my website – you will need to complete this electronically and format it appropriately. In pairs, prepare a 5 minute presentation on your assigned conservation measure to present to the class on Tuesday next week. WHAT WHY HOW (How it conserves BD) CONSERVATION MEASURES: 1: Nature reserves 2: Restricted trading (E.g. CITES) 3. Breeding & reintroduction programmes 4. Botanic gardens & zoos 5. Seed and sperm banks 6. Pollution Control Conservation measures include: habitat protection by nature reserves and SSI; international cooperation restricting trade e.g. in ivory and whaling; breeding programmes by zoos and botanic gardens plus sperm banks and seed stores and reintroduction programmes such as the Red Kite in mid Wales; pollution control.

Dates Next week: Fishing & Conservation Case Studies Last week of term: Presentations on human activities and effects