Kingdom Protista: Part 2

Photosynthetic Phyla (the algae) Myzozoa- dinoflagellates. Euglenozoa- euglenoids. Cryptophyta- cryptomonads. Haptophyta- haptophytes. Chlorophyta- green algae. Rhodophyta- red algae. Heterokontophyta- heterokont algae. –Phaeophyceae- brown algae. –Chrysophyceae- golden-brown algae. –Bacillariophyceae- diatoms.

Cryptophyta- cryptomonads Characteristics –Unicellular. –Chlorophylls A & C, phycobilins. –Food reserve- starch within 2 chloroplast membranes. –Thylakoids in 2. –Eukaryotic nucleus. –2 flagella, both with hairs (dbl. & single). –No cell wall, proteinaceous periplast plates. Habitat- marine & freshwater. 200 species. Examples- Cryptomonas.

Haptophyta- haptophytes Characteristics –Unicellular. –Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin. –Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in vesicles. –Thylakoids in 3. –Eukaryotic nucleus. –2 whiplash flagella and 1 haptonema. –No cell wall, covered with scales of cellulose or calcium carbonate. Habitat- marine & freshwater. 300 species. Examples- Prymnesium & Phaeocystis.

Chlorophyta- green algae Characteristics –Unicellular and multicellular. –Chlorophylls A & B, carotenoids. –Food reserve- starch in chloroplast. –Thylakoids in 3-6. –Eukaryotic nucleus. –Highly variable; 0, 2, 4, multi- flagellated; whiplash when present. –Cell wall cellulosic. Habitat- marine & freshwater. 17,000 species. Examples- Ulva, Codium, Chlorella, Volvox, Chara, Chlamydomonas, Closterium.

Charales- Coleochaete

Rhodophyta- red algae Characteristics –Multicellular. –Chlorophylls A & D, phycobilins. –Food reserve- floridean starch in cytoplasm. –Thylakoids occur singly. –Eukaryotic nucleus. –No flagella. –Pit connections. –Cell wall with cellulose & galactans. Habitat- marine & freshwater. 6,000 species. Examples- Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Batrachospermum, Corallina.

Heterokontophyta- heterokonts

Phaeophyceae- brown algae Characteristics –Multicellular. –Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin. –Food reserve- mannitol & laminarin in sac. –Thylakoids in 3. –Eukaryotic nucleus. –2 flagella, 1 tinsel & 1 whiplash. –Cell wall cellulosic with alginate. Habitat- marine. 2,000 species. Examples- Fucus, Macrocystis, Laminaria, Nereocystis, Ectocarpus, Sargassum.

Chrysophyceae- golden-brown algae Characteristics –Unicellular, colonial. –Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin. –Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in vesicle. –Thylakoids in 3. –Eukaryotic nucleus. –Most= 2 flagella, 1 tinsel & 1 whiplash. –Cell wall cellulosic, silica, or none. Habitat- marine and freshwater. 1,000 species. Examples- Dinobryon, Synura.

Bacillariophyceae- diatoms Characteristics –Unicellular, colonial. –Chlorophylls A & C, fucoxanthin. –Food reserve- chrysolaminarin in vesicles. –Thylakoids in 3. –Eukaryotic nucleus. –No flagella, or 1 tinsel on male gamete. –Cell wall is silica and made of 2 frustules. Habitat- marine and freshwater. 100,000 species. Examples- Acnanthes, Bacillaria, Licmophora, Navicula, Coscinodiscus.

Frustule Morphology