NASPI overview and update Alison Silverstein NASPI Project Manager alisonsilverstein@mac.com WECC JSIS March 3, 2015

Overview Updates Synchrophasor software exchange October 2014 NASPI meeting March 2015 NASPI meeting Model validation paper Equipment mis-operations paper Current NASPI priorities and concerns Synchrophasor software exchange Synchrophasor maturity model Preview – EPRI presentation on synchrophasor technology for stability analysis

Meeting updates October 2014 NASPI meeting Theme – what we’ve learned from the SGIG projects Technical sessions – operations; big data Technical workshop – oscillation detection and voltage stability tools comparison March 2015 NASPI meeting Theme – research advances – 80 (!) presentations and posters Technical focus – renewables; distribution Technical workshop – state estimation & synchrophasors

Paper updates Model validation Equipment mis-operations Focus – using PMU data to validate and calibrate models of power plants and other grid assets, to improve operating reliability, planning accuracy, and lower costs Paper being shortened, should be completed and published by DOE before the March NASPI meeting Equipment mis-operations Focus – using PMU data to identify grid assets that are failing or mis-behaving, to improve operational reliability and avoid emergency replacement costs Paper and summary to be completed and published by DOE before March NASPI meeting

Synchrophasor software exchange NASPI-curated, PNNL-hosted collection of FREE software that can be used for synchrophasor-related uses, including: Analytical applications using PMU data Data cleaning Communications network management Device and network commissioning Cyber-security Software to be posted on GitHub and other host sites, but collected and organized on NASPI Software Exchange site Software must be free to consumers, but they must obey all contributor-specified intellectual property restrictions.

NASPI Proposed Maturity Model for Synchrophasor Deployment Alison Silverstein (NASPI) Ryan Quint (Dominion Virginia Power) Kyle Thomas (Dominion Virginia Power) Dmitry Kosterev (BPA) WECC Joint Synchronized Information Subcommittee Meeting (JSIS) April 2015

These are semi-new ideas This proposed framework needs your review and thoughtful feedback, please!

Why a maturity model for synchrophasor technology? It’s a useful roadmap for effective synchrophasor deployment It highlights the important role of business practices and institutional support in successful technology adoption and deployment It’s useful as an organizational self-assessment tool It can foster consensus around the path to full technology integration and effectiveness

Key pillars in synchrophasor technology maturity Infrastructure Hardware -- PMU and PDC deployment Security and cyber-security Institutional infrastructure – technical interoperability standards, regulatory acceptance Communications Data delivery networks – quality and scope Interoperable architecture and systems Data quality End-to-end collection and delivery of accurate data Detection of bad data Metrics and measurement Analytics and utilization Applications that perform useful functions effectively Applications that users value, want and use Business practices Commitment and ownership Training Maintenance and support Data-sharing

Maturity level definitions Level 5: Integrated, highly mature Highly operationalized usage Full business processes and institutional support for system and uses Level 4: Operationalized High levels of reliability and robustness Focus on operational or business uses & value Level 3: Implementation Growing deployment, improvement, debugging process Level 2: Development Developing tools, techniques, processes, infrastructure Prototyping and proving effectiveness Level 1: Conceptualization

Proposed Synchrophasor Maturity Matrix Infrastructure Communications Networks Data Quality Applications Level 5 Integrated, highly mature Level 4 Operationalized Level 3 Implementation Level 2 Development Level 1 conceptual

Business processes Infrastructure Communications Network Data Quality Applications & Utilization INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT * Each pillar needs to be assessed uniquely, and in conjunction with others * Institutional support is an integral part of each of these pillars * It is the ultimate level of maturity

Integrated, highly mature Some considerations: Different pillars are maturing at different paces; some are harder, slower (standards), or require more money or technology, or have regional differences. A company may advance in one pillar more quickly than in others. Company maturity differs from technology maturity. Infrastructure Commns Networks Data Quality Applications Level 5 Integrated, highly mature Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 conceptual

Feedback & discussion We think this could be a useful tool to help understand synchrophasor technology adoption pace and differences. We are looking for your feedback to help develop this framework. Please provide and comments/feedback to: Ryan Quint – ryan.d.quint@dom.com Alison Silverstein – alisonsilverstein@mac.com

Synchrophasor-Based Stability Assessment Tools Alison Silverstein NASPI Project Manager EPRI Grid Operations & Planning Advisory Council March 4, 2015

Overview NASPI intro PMU data for state estimation Works better with PMU-based model validation PMU tools for oscillation detection PMU tools for voltage stability monitoring PMU tools for frequency response monitoring PMU tools for rotor angle stability monitoring Conclusions

What’s NASPI? The North American SynchroPhasor Initiative is a collaborative effort between the electric industry, government, vendors & academia to advance the adoption and value of synchrophasor technology for grid reliability and efficiency 900+ members, international scope Two meetings/year plus technical workshops Begun in 2005; 2007-2013 funding from NERC; funded shifted to DOE in 2014 with EPRI support Accomplishments Developed key standards and guidelines for synchrophasor technology Pushing technology on PMU device functionality, network design, data quality, applications needs, and more Guidance and lessons learned for ARRA-SGIG and demo projects Archives at www.naspi.org

State estimation tools State estimation tools are the foundation for PMU-based power system analysis efforts. The system and asset models within state estimation tools can be improved through model validation and calibration against recorded PMU data. NASPI workshop on model validation in October 2013; DOE-NASPI technical paper out in March 2015 Over the past year, there have been major advances in the development of linear state estimators using PMU data and improvements to existing state estimators incorporating PMU data. NASPI workshop on state estimation on March 25, 2015

Oscillation detection tools Desired functionality for PMU-based oscillation detection tools: Scans voltages, power and frequency at interties, power plants, DC ties, wind hubs for sustained oscillations in key frequency bands Alarms when a sustained oscillation is detected with detailed modal analysis Trend displays available for problem drill-down Facilitate decision support tools for grid management Engineering support applications for baselining and setting alarm thresholds

Oscillation detection tools Comparison of (mostly) commercially available oscillation detection tools at NASPI October 2014 technical workshop. Examine tool performance against two real cases – five sequential oscillation ringdown events (5 vendors) and generator-caused forced oscillation (5 vendors). Conclusions PMU-based oscillation detection tools are maturing quickly Diverse analytical methods underlying the OD tools, and results vary. Source: NASPI

Sample screens from NASPI oscillation detection tools test SEL ABB Alstom Grid EPG

Analyze oscillatory modes and events Mode monitors in use at WECC, BPA, ISO-NE, ERCOT, PJM, MISO, CAISO, Duke Carolinas, FPL, others Recent WECC discoveries about interconnection-wide modes [Source: JSIS meeting 10/13]

Voltage stability tools Desired functionality for PMU-based voltage stability tools: Identify voltage instability events and characteristics, including time of event start and inflection points, locations of voltage problems, real and reactive power margins. Identify insecure N-0 and N-1 operating conditions, reason for unacceptable condition, and security and stability margins. Enable decision support tools for voltage stability protection

Voltage stability tools NASPI technical workshop comparing commercially available voltage stability analysis tools in October 2014. Tested stability tools against a wind hub-caused voltage excursion (5 vendors) and a load center voltage stability case including contingency analysis (2 vendors) Results – wide variations in analytical conclusions of events. Tools using PMU data in linear state estimation-contingency analysis models out-performed those doing measurement-only analysis.

Sample screens from NASPI voltage stability tool test Alstom Grid V&R Energy ABB EPG

Frequency response monitoring Desired functionality for PMU-based frequency response analysis tools: Detect under-frequency events Detect areas where the generation loss occurred Frequency response baselining – interconnection-wide or for balancing authority Compliance with NERC BAL-003 Frequency Response Reliability Standard Early stage frequency monitors BPA Dominion BPA Frequency Disturbance Monitor

Rotor angle stability tools Desired functionality: Monitor the torque balance between mechanical input and electromagnetic output in a prime mover High resolution, time-synchronized measurement of the rotor shaft angle Determine safe operating zones Alarm when potential imbalance conditions could result in stability risks and rotor harm

Rotor angle stability monitor SDG&E-SEL-OSIsoft-UCSD research project using PMUs inside a combined cycle plant for rotor speed & angle measurement and field measurement – monitoring equipment installed early 2014 Data collection, model validation and parameter measurement to follow Source: SDG&E

Sources and more information NASPI website and archives: www.naspi.org NASPI model validation technical workshop -- October 2013 at https://www.naspi.org/techworkshops NASPI oscillation detection and voltage stability technical workshop – October 2014 at https://www.naspi.org/techworkshops NASPI state estimation technical workshop – March 2015 at https://www.naspi.org/techworkshops SDG&E presentation on rotor monitoring -- October 23, 2014 at https://www.naspi.org/meetings Coming soon to www.naspi.org: New papers on using synchrophasor data for model validation and diagnosing equipment mis-operations NASPI Synchrophasor Software Exchange