CH. 29.1 – THE SUN Chapter 29 – March 13 th, 2015.

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Presentation transcript:

CH – THE SUN Chapter 29 – March 13 th, 2015

VOCABULARY TO KNOW…  Photosphere –  Chromosphere –  Corona –  Convection Zone –  Radiative Zone –  Nuclear Fusion -

CONTENTS OF THE SUN  The sun is made up of…  75% Hydrogen  24% Helium  1% Other Gases  It is powered by FUSION = where lighter nuclei is combine to make heavier ones  Thus, releasing LOTS of ENERGY!

** EACH STEP RELEASES ENERGY ** #1. 2 hydrogens ( protons) fuse, the second p + is neutralized by emitting a positron…so that proton becomes a neutron (p + n o pair created)

2. Another H proton combines with the first p + n o pair…creates a helium isotope (2 p +, 1 n o )

3. These helium isotopes, each with 2p + 1n o, fuse and release two protons leaving behind a “common” helium atom.

** EACH STEP RELEASES ENERGY **

ABOUT ENERGY…  Neutrinos (uncharged “electrons”… 1/10,000 the size of an e - ) are also released and reach Earth in 8 minutes  Helium (He) product is 0.7% less massive than the Hydrogen (H) that formed it….  --that MASS is converted into ENERGY  THIS energy causes intense shine and heat.

MASS -> ENERGY  1905:  Nucleus of atom/fusion unknown…  Einstein proposed: small mass yields large energy  This is known as the Theory of Relativity  E=mc 2  Scientists used E=mc 2 to explain the sun’s huge quantities of E. E = mc² E = energy M = mass of matter changed C = speed of light

SUN’S STRUCTURE 1. Core  gaseous  25% of sun’s diameter  temp 15,000,000 o C)  Super dense (10x that of iron  heat & pressure cause atoms to separate into nuclei and e - s. (remember, nuclei are +)  Nuclei try to repel but heat/pressure force them to fuse.

2. Radiative - Outside core  2-7,000,000 o C  E moving as EM waves 3. Convection (30% of Sun)  2,000,000 o C  E moving as convection (hot gases move out, expand, lose E…become dense and sink back down in convective zone…repeats) Corona is seen during solar eclipses

ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN… 4. Photosphere  gases risen out of convective (6,000 o C) 5. Chromosphere  color sphere 6-50,000 o C g  as shoots up from photosphere 6. Corona  Temps. spikes here (above 1,000,000 o C)  ions can escape---this is solar wind.