DO NOW Mar 9 Work with a partner to discuss the following… 1. What is evolution? 2. What evidence supports the theory of evolution?

AGENDA Mar 9 Objective: Summarize the findings of Darwin and how it led to his theory of evolution. 1. Question and DO NOW 2. Trimester 2 Exams Looking ahead to Trimester 3 3. Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution 4. Review and Homnework 15-1 Guided Reading Packet Read your textbook! DO NOT LOSE THEM!

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution

15-1: Puzzle of Life’s Diversity evolution: process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms What is a theory? Well supported testable explanation of phenomena occurring in the natural world

Charles Darwin (1809-1882) set sail on HMS Beagle for a trip around the world collected animal and plant specimens Evidence explained how life changes over time How many species of life ever to live are now extinct? of all species that have ever lived, 99.9 percent are now extinct

Darwin’s Observations Darwin collected plant and animal specimens at every stop. What did his observations reveal about the organisms? Most plants and animals well suited to life in the environments they were observed living in. Patterns of Diversity Dissimilar plants/animals observed living in very similar environments. Argentina and Australia Similar grassland ecosystems Why were the organisms living there very different? Fossils Why did some species disappear? What was the relationship to living organisms?

Galapagos Islands Group of small islands 1000 km west of South America Very different climates Smallest, lowest islands – hot, dry, no vegetation Higher islands – more rainfall, rich vegetation, diverse plants and animals What might this mean about the life found on each island? Giant tortoises, iguanas, birds

Darwin’s Observations How do these tortoises differ from one another? What does this reveal about their phenotypic characteristics?

AGENDA Mar 10 Objective: Describe the thoughts of other period thinkers and how they influenced Darwin. 1. Review 15-1Packet 2. Trimester 2 Exams – TUESDAY MARCH 17 3. Chapter 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution 4. Review and Homnework 15-2 Guided Reading Packet DO NOT LOSE THEM!

15-2: Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s Thinking At the time of Darwin, most Europeans believed the Earth and all life on the planet was only a few thousand years old. Life remained unchanged from the point of creation. A deer was always a deer Same traits and characteristics Fossil evidence discovered in the early 1800s began to change this line of thought

15-2: Ideas That Shaped Darwin’s Thinking James Hutton (1788) supported the idea that the Earth was very old land has been changed gradually by natural forces Thomas Malthus (1798) Predicts human population will grow too large for Earth to support it. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1809) Hypothesis of inheritance of acquired traits Flawed

Lamarck’s Evolution Hypothesis 1. Tendency toward perfection Constantly changing to environment 2. Use and disuse Change body parts to perform specific tasks 3. Inheritance of acquired traits - INCORRECT Traits that develop due to some action by an organism will be inherited by offspring Lamarck’s hypotheses were INCORRECT

Evaluating Lamarck’s Hypothesis Traits developed through use/disuse are not passed to offspring. WHY?

Ideas that Shaped Darwin’s Thinking Charles Lyell (1830) Earth changed slowly and gradually Important influence on Darwin

AGENDA Mar 11 Objective: Explain how fitness enables organisms to survive and reproduce. 1. Review 15-2 Packet 2. Trimester 2 Exams – TUESDAY MARCH 17 3. 15-3 Natural Selection 4. Review and Homework STUDY GUIDES DO NOT LOSE THEM! TOMORROW… WE REVIEW!

15-3 Struggle for Existence Fitness: the physical traits and behaviors that enable organisms to survive and reproduce in their environment Darwin published On the Origin of Species and explained this idea fitness arises through adaptations: any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s survival

Natural Selection Organisms best suited to an environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Survival of the Fittest Changes in inherited characteristics of a population over time increases fitness. What is Artificial Selection?

Common Descent principle that species have descended from a common ancestor Descent with Modification – Living species change from other species over time. All species share common ancestors.

The Fossil Record Fossils are preserved remains of ancient organisms found in sedimentary rock: formed when exposure to rain, heat, and cold breaks down existing rocks into small particles pressure forms them into rock Do we have records of all the life to have ever lived?

AGENDA Mar 12 Objective: Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of organisms through problem solving. 1. Review For Trimester 2 Exam 2. Trimester 2 Exam – TUESDAY MARCH 17 3. Review and Homework STUDY GUIDES DO NOT LOSE THEM! TOMORROW… MORE REVIEW! GRAPHING!!

AGENDA Mar 13 Objective: Analyze and represent data in a graph. Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of organisms through problem solving. 1. Review For Trimester 2 Exam 2. Trimester 2 Exam – TUESDAY MARCH 17 3. Review and Homework STUDY GUIDES DO NOT LOSE THEM! MONDAY… CONCEPT REVIEW! HAVE YOUR QUESTIONS READY!!!

AGENDA Mar 16 Objective: Recall and Apply Trimester 2 concepts and principles. 1. Review For Trimester 2 Exam Key vocabulary and concepts 2. Trimester 2 Exam – TUESDAY MARCH 17 TOMORROW!!! Make up DAY is THURSDAY! 3. Review and Homework STUDY GUIDES

Dihybrid Cross Practice Tall Dominant to Short Yellow Dominant to Green Cross a plant that is short and green with a plant that is heterozygous for both traits. Determine the genotypes, phenotypes, and the ratios of all offspring.

AGENDA Mar 18 Objective: Demonstrate how an adaptation provides fitness to an organism enabling it to survive in its environment. 1. Trimester 2 Exams TRIMESTER 3 2. Summarize Sections 15-1 and 15-2 3. 15-3 Evidence of Evolution 4. Review and Homework Discussion Questions DUE Friday Chapter 15 TEST and Study Guides

Evolution of Mankind What is our greatest adaptation? Remember, it must enable us to best survive in our environment.

AGENDA Mar 19 Objective: Support the theory of evolution with evidence. 1. Trimester 2 Exam Grades 2. 15-3 Evidence of Evolution 3. Review and Homework LAB Discussion Questions DUE Tomorrow Chapter 15 TEST on MONDAY March 23 Study Guides

Evidence of Evolution scientists who study fossils fossil record: represents the preserved collective history of the Earth’s organisms incomplete Represents… Relationships between organisms Major changes in Earth’s climate and geography Organisms have changed and died out

Evidence of Evolution Different species have similar looking embryos: organisms at early stages of development Similar genes are at work Share a common ancestor Organisms become dissimilar Enables each species to survive

Geographic Distribution of Life Similar species are result of different evolutionary descent. Different species but still share many common characteristics.

Similarities in Body Structure homologous structures: parts of different organisms, often quite dissimilar, that developed from the same ancestral body parts

Vestigial Organs organs that have no apparent function in an organism

More Evidence? Consider previous concepts we have learned throughout Trimesters 1 and 2. Provide a sixth piece of evidence to support Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.

AGENDA Mar 20 Objective: Support the theory of evolution with evidence. 1. REVIEW 2. Review and Homework LAB Discussion Questions DUE TODAY Chapter 15 TEST on MONDAY March 23 Study Guides

Evolution Review Evolution is the process of modern organisms having descended from ancient organisms. Fitness is the traits of an organism that develop over time that enable organisms to survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes. Evidence of evolution from the Earth, fossils, and similarities in body structures. All animals have descended from a common ancestor (Different species are the branches of a tree.)

DO NOW Feb 28 Complete the timeline activity. Arrange the events you have received with the correct time in the evolutionary history of Earth Refer to the handout for directions.

DO NOW TIMELINE Mankind – 1.8 million years to present Extinction of Dinosaurs – 78 million years ago First Primates – 90 million years ago First Birds – 150 million years ago First Mammals – 250 to 200 million years ago First Dinosaurs – 250 to 200 million years ago First Upright Growing Trees – 320 million years ago First Vascular Land Plants – 430 millions years ago First Fish – 500 to 490 million years ago (Cambrian Explosion)

Evolutionary Timeline