R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 1 Nuclear Forces - Lecture 1 - R. Machleidt University of Idaho History, Facts and.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

1 Eta production Resonances, meson couplings Humberto Garcilazo, IPN Mexico Dan-Olof Riska, Helsinki … exotic hadronic matter?

Advertisements

HL-3 May 2006Kernfysica: quarks, nucleonen en kernen1 Outline lecture (HL-3) Structure of nuclei NN potential exchange force Terra incognita in nuclear.

Testing isospin-symmetry breaking and mapping the proton drip-line with Lanzhou facilities Yang Sun Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China SIAP, Jan.10,

INVASIONS IN PARTICLE PHYSICS Compton Lectures Autumn 2001 Lecture 3 Oct

第十四届全国核结构大会暨第十次全国核结构专题讨论会浙江 · 湖州 · Nuclear matter with chiral forces in Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation 李增花复旦大学核科学与技术系（现代物理研究所）

Lesson 5 Fundamental Aspects of Nuclear Structure.

The Strong Interaction Michael Mattern. Contents The fundamental forces History The need of a strong force The Therory from Yukawa The pion as the mediator.

From long view of the history of mankind – seen from, say, ten thousand years from now – there can be little doubt that the most significant event.

P461 - Nuclei I1 Properties of Nuclei Z protons and N neutrons held together with a short-ranged force  gives binding energy P and n made from quarks.

From long view of the history of mankind – seen from, say, ten thousand years from now – there can be little doubt that the most significant event of.

Modern Physics LECTURE II.

Relativistic chiral mean field model for nuclear physics (II) Hiroshi Toki Research Center for Nuclear Physics Osaka University.

Nucleon-Nucleon Forces

横田朗A 、肥山詠美子B 、岡眞A 東工大理工A、理研仁科セB

Atomic Structure Basic and Beyond. What are the 3 major parts of an atom? Protons Electrons Neutrons.

Standard Model A Brief Description by Shahnoor Habib.

We can find Gravitational Potential Energy r mm GrU 21 )( 

L. R. Dai (Department of Physics, Liaoning Normal University) Z.Y. Zhang, Y.W. Yu (Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China) Nucleon-nucleon interaction.

XII Nuclear Physics Workshop Maria and Pierre Curie: Nuclear Structure Physics and Low-Energy Reactions, Sept , Kazimierz Dolny, Poland Self-Consistent.

LBL 5/21/2007J.W. Holt1 Medium-modified NN interactions Jeremy W. Holt* Nuclear Theory Group State University of New York * with G.E. Brown, J.D. Holt,

Lecture 20: More on the deuteron 18/11/ Analysis so far: (N.B., see Krane, Chapter 4) Quantum numbers: (J , T) = (1 +, 0) favor a 3 S 1 configuration.

Symmetries in Nuclei, Tokyo, 2008 Symmetries in Nuclei Symmetry and its mathematical description The role of symmetry in physics Symmetries of the nuclear.

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 2 Meson Theory (2013) 1 Nuclear Forces - Lecture 2 - R. Machleidt University of Idaho The Meson Theory of Nuclear.

1 Nuclear Physics Overview & Introduction Lanny Ray, University of Texas at Austin, Fall 2015 I.Nucleon+Nucleon System II.Nuclear Phenomenology III.Effective.

Breakup reaction for polarimetry of tensor polarized deuteron beams 1 A.P. Kobushkin Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics Metrologicheskaya str.

Particles and how they interact

 Nature of nuclear forces, cont.  Nuclear Models lecture 3&4.

Isospin-dependence of nuclear forces Evgeny Epelbaum, Jefferson Lab ECT*, Trento, 16 June 2005.

Classification of Particles

Extended Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory in many body system - Importance of pion in nuclei - Hiroshi Toki (RCNP, KEK) In collaboration.

R. Machleidt, University of Idaho Recent advances in the theory of nuclear forces and its relevance for the microscopic approach to dense matter.

Furong Xu （许甫荣） Many-body calculations with realistic and phenomenological nuclear forces Outline I. Nuclear forces II. N 3 LO (LQCD): MBPT, BHF, GSM (resonance.

Variational approach to isospin symmetry breaking in medium mass nuclei A. PETROVICI Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania.

CEBAF - Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility.

Atomic Theory CMS Science 4.0. Development of Atomic Models Atom - the smallest particle of an element Our atomic theory has grown as models were tested.

Furong Xu （许甫荣） Nuclear forces and applications to nuclear structure calculations Outline I. Nuclear forces II. N 3 LO (LQCD): MBPT, BHF, GSM (resonance.

What makes up the nucleus? Nucleus is positively charged Different atoms have same electrical properties but different masses Isotopes – same atomic number,

Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, 1 st Semester, (Saed Dababneh). 1 Electromagnetic moments Electromagnetic interaction  information about.

1 11/20/13 21/11/2015 Jinniu Hu School of Physics, Nankai University Workshop on “Chiral forces and ab initio calculations” Nov. 20- Nov. 22,

Unit 13: Particle Physics Four fundamental interactions in nature 1.Strong – responsible for binding neutrons and protons into nuclei 2.Electromagnetic.

Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, First Semester, (Saed Dababneh). 1 Nuclear Force (Origin of Binding) Recall Recall Atomic Binding Energies.

Monday, Feb. 7, 2005PHYS 3446, Spring 2005 Jae Yu 1 PHYS 3446 – Lecture #6 Monday, Feb. 7, 2005 Dr. Jae Yu 1.Nature of the Nuclear Force Short Range Nature.

Nuclear Physics, JU, Second Semester,

10/29/2007Julia VelkovskaPHY 340a Lecture 4: Last time we talked about deep- inelastic scattering and the evidence of quarks Next time we will talk about.

Furong Xu （许甫荣） Many-body correlations in ab-initio methods Outline I. Nuclear forces, Renormalizations (induced correlations) II. N 3 LO (LQCD) MBPT,

Atomic Structure History leading to the discovery of the atom. And the methods used to analyze the structure of the atom.

Nuclear Phenomenology 3C24 Nuclear and Particle Physics Tricia Vahle & Simon Dean (based on Lecture Notes from Ruben Saakyan) UCL.

Electric Dipole Response, Neutron Skin, and Symmetry Energy

May the Strong Force be with you

The Strong Force: NN Interaction

The role of isospin symmetry in medium-mass N ~ Z nuclei

Nuclear structure calculations with realistic nuclear forces

Tensor optimized shell model and role of pion in finite nuclei

PHYS 3446 – Lecture #6 Monday, Feb. 7, 2005 Dr. Jae Yu

Nuclear Forces - Lecture 3 -

Lecture 04 - Hadrons Quarks multiplets Hadron decays Resonances

Introduction to Charge Symmetry Breaking

Unit 7.3 Review.

Chiral Nuclear Forces with Delta Degrees of Freedom

Role of Pions in Nuclei and Experimental Characteristics

Historical Perspective and Future Prospects for Nuclear Interactions

Kernfysica: quarks, nucleonen en kernen

Nuclear Forces - Lecture 2 -

Pions in nuclei and tensor force

Nuclear Forces - Lecture 3 -

Nuclear Forces - Lecture 5 -

PHYS 3446 – Lecture #23 Standard Model Wednesday, Apr 25, 2012

Atomic Structure Basic and Beyond.

Nuclear Forces.

Atomic Structure Basic and Beyond.

Presentation transcript:

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 1 Nuclear Forces - Lecture 1 - R. Machleidt University of Idaho History, Facts and Phenomenology 12th CNS International Summer School (CNSSS13) 28 August to 03 September CNS Wako Campus

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 2 Nuclear Forces - Overview of all lectures - Lecture 1: History, facts, and phenomenology Lecture 2: The meson theory of nuclear forces Lecture 3: QCD and nuclear forces; effective field theory (EFT) for low-energy QCD Lecture 4: Nuclear forces from chiral EFT

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 3 Lecture 1: History, Facts, and Phenomenology  Historical review  Properties of the nuclear force  Phenomenological descriptions

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 4 History of Nuclear Forces: Phase I 1930’s Chadwick (1932): Neutron Heisenberg (1932): First Phenomenology (Isospin)

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 5 Heisenberg and his contribution of 1932 Heisenberg Niels Bohr Pauli

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 6 Zeitschrift fuer Physik 77, 1 (1932) On the Structure of Atomic Nuclei. I. …. … Chadwick … … suggests the assumption that atomic nuclei are built from protons and neutrons without electrons …

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 7 Zeitschrift fuer Physik 77, 1 (1932), cont’d Precursor of the idea of Boson Exchange! … the force … between proton and neutron … ….. in analogy to the H2+-ion --- an exchange of negative charge will take place, … This exchange can be visualized by electrons which do not have spin and follow the rules of bose statistics …

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 8 History, Phase I cont’d 1930’s Chadwick (1932): Neutron Heisenberg (1932): First Phenomenology (Isospin) Yukawa (1935): Meson Hypothesis

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 9 Yukawa and his idea S. Tomonaga, H. Yukawa, and S. Sakata in the 1950s. Tomonaga Yukawa Sakata

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 10 From: H. Yukawa, Proc. Phys. Math. Soc. Japan 17, 48 (1935).

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 11

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 12

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 13 History, Phase I cont’d 1930’s Chadwick (1932): Neutron Heisenberg (1932): First Phenomenology (Isospin) Yukawa (1935): Meson Hypothesis 1950’s Taketani, Nakamura, Sasaki (1951): 3 ranges. One-Pion-Exchange (OPE): o.k. Multi-pion exchanges: Problems! Taketani, Machida, Onuma (1952); Brueckner, Watson (1953). Quotes by Bethe (1953) and Goldberger (1960) “Pion Theories” Discovery of the pion in cosmic ray (1947) and in the Berkeley Cyclotron Lab (1948). Nobelprize awarded to Yukawa (1949). 1940’s

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 14 Scientific American, September 1953 What Holds the Nucleus Together? by Hans A. Bethe In the past quarter century physicists have devoted a huge amount of experimentation and mental labor to this problem – probably more man-hours than have been given to any other scientific question in the history of mankind.

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 15 “There are few problems in nuclear theoretical physics which have attracted more attention than that of trying to determine the fundamental interaction between two nucleons. It is also true that scarcely ever has the world of physics owed so little to so many … … It is hard to believe that many of the authors are talking about the same problem or, in fact, that they know what the problem is.” M. L. Goldberger Midwestern Conference on Theoretical Physics, Purdue University, 1960

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 16 History, Phase I (The first pion period) 1930’s Chadwick (1932): Neutron Heisenberg (1932): First Phenomenology (Isospin) Yukawa (1935): Meson Hypothesis 1950’s Taketani, Nakamura, Sasaki (1951): 3 ranges. One-Pion-Exchange (OPE): o.k. Multi-pion exchanges: Problems! Taketani, Machida, Onuma (1952); Brueckner, Watson (1953). Quotes by Bethe (1953) and Goldberger (1960) “Pion Theories” Discovery of the pion in cosmic ray (1947) and in the Berkeley Cyclotron Lab (1948). Nobelprize awarded to Yukawa (1949). 1940’s The first pion period: results in a disaster

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 17 Phase II: The meson period 1960’s Many pions = multi-pion resonances: One-Boson-Exchange Model

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 18 Phase II: The meson period 1960’s Many pions = multi-pion resonances: One-Boson-Exchange Model

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 19 Phase II: The meson period 1960’s Many pions = multi-pion resonances: One-Boson-Exchange Model 1970’s Refined Meson Theories Sophisticated models for two-pion exchange: Paris Potential (Lacombe et al., PRC 21, 861 (1980)) Bonn potential (Machleidt et al., Phys. Rep. 149, 1 (1987))

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 20 The exponential tail of phase II (or the epigone period of meson theory) 1980’s Nijmegen: We need more precision!!! “A χ ²/dat of ≈ 2 is not good enough, it has to be 1.0” 1990’s 1993: The high-precision Nijmegen phase shift analysis : High-precision NN potentials: Nijmegen I, II, ’93, Reid93 (Stoks et al. 1994) Argonne V18 (Wiringa et al, 1995) CD-Bonn (Machleidt et al. 1996, 2001)

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 21 Gell-Mann Zweig ’s Many pions = multi-pion resonances: One-Boson-Exchange Model Gell-Mann and Zweig (1963): 3 quarks!

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) ’s Nuclear physicists discover QCD: Quark cluster models – today Nuclear physicists discover Effective Field Theory (EFT): Weinberg (1990); Ordonez, Ray, van Kolck (1994/96). Another “pion theory”; but now right: constrained by chiral symmetry Phase III: The QCD/EFT period

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) ’s Nijmegen: We need more precision!!! 1990’s 1993: The high-precision Nijmegen phase shift analysis : High-precision NN potentials: Nijmegen I, II, ’93, Reid93; Argonne V18; CD-Bonn. 1980’s Nuclear physicists discover QCD: Quark cluster models today Nuclear physicists discover Effective Field Theory (EFT): Weinberg (1990); Ordonez, Ray, van Kolck (1994/96). Another “pion theory”; but now right: constrained by chiral symmetry Phase III: The QCD/EFT period The second pion period: No disaster!

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 24 Properties of the nuclear force Finite range Intermediate-range attraction Short-range repulsion (“hard core”) Spin-dependent non-central forces: - Tensor force - Spin-orbit force Charge independence

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 25 Finite range Comparison of the binding energies of show that the nuclear force is of finite range (1-2 fm) and very strong within that range (Wigner, 1933). “Saturation”. Nuclei with A>4 show saturation: Volume and binding energies of nuclei are proportional to the mass number A.

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 26 Intermediate-range attraction Nuclei are bound. The average distance between nucleons in nuclei is about 2 fm which must roughly correspond to the range of the attractive force.

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 27 Short-range repulsion (“hard core”) Analyze 1S0 phase shifts and compare to 1D2 phase shifts.

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 28 Non-central forces Tensor Force: First evidence from the deuteron Deuteron

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 29 Tensor force, cont’d

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 30 Tensor force, cont’d

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 31 Non-central forces Spin-Orbit Force Nucleus or proton right left Proton 1 Proton 2

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 32 Summary: Most important parts of the nuclear force Short Inter- mediate Long range Tensor force Spin-orbit force Central force Taketani, Nakamura, Sasaki (1951): 3 ranges

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 33 Charge-independence After correcting for the electromagnetic interaction, the forces between nucleons (pp, nn, or np) in the same state are almost the same. “Almost the same”: Charge-independence is slightly broken. Notation: Equality between the pp and nn forces: Charge symmetry. Equality between pp/nn force and np force: Charge independence. Better notation: Isospin symmetry; invariance under rotations in isospin space.

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 34 Since the scattering length is a magnifying glass on the interaction, charge-independence breaking (CIB) is seen most clearly in the different scattering lengths of pp, nn, and np low-energy scattering. Charge-symmetry breaking (CSB) - after electromagnetic effects have been removed: Charge-independence breaking: Evidence Charge-independence breaking (CIB):

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 35 Phenomenological descriptions Symmetries and the general expression for the NN potential Historically important examples of phenomenological NN potentials

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 36 The symmetries Translation invariance Galilean invariance Rotation invariance Space reflection invariance Time reversal invariance Invariance under the interchange of particle 1 and 2 Isospin symmetry Hermiticity

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 37 Most general two-body potential under those symmetries (Okubo and Marshak, Ann. Phys. 4, 166 (1958)) with central tensor quadratic spin-orbit spin-orbit another tensor

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 38 Potentials which are based upon the operator structure shown on the previous slide (but may not include all operators shown or may include additional operators) are called “Phenomenological Potentials”. Some historically important examples are given below. Gammel-Thaler potential ( Phys. Rev. 107, 291, 1339 (1957)), hard-core. Hamada-Johnston potential (Nucl. Phys. 34, 382 (1962)), hard core. Reid potential (Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 50, 411 (1968)), soft core. Argonne V14 potential (Wiringa et al., Phys. Rev. C 29, 1207 (1984)), uses 14 operators. Argonne V18 potential (Wiringa et al., Phys. Rev. C 51, 38 (1995)), uses 18 operators.

R. MachleidtNuclear Forces - Lecture 1 History, Facts, Phen. (CNSSS13) 39 End Lecture 1