What do all of these have in common?? They are all made of copper…. A VERY USEFUL METAL What do all of these have in common??

Describe how to extract copper by smelting (C) Lesson Objectives: Describe how to extract copper by smelting (C) Explain why low-grade ores are now being exploited. (C) Explain two methods for extracting copper from low-grade ores. (B-A) Evaluate the different methods of copper extraction (A*) Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ore Lesson Outcomes: ‘What do all the images have in common’ – Starter Active Listening Task – phytomining and bioleaching (C-B) Story board explaining phytomining (A) Exam style questions (C-A) Plenary – summaries copper extraction in one sentence Context: Earth Scientisits

Outcomes: Active Listening – Phytomining and Bioleaching Summary Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKWFvelN1gI Outcomes: Active Listening – Phytomining and Bioleaching Summary

Outcomes: Active Listening – Phytomining and Bioleaching Summary Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical High grade ore  Smelting (heating)  Electrolysis/displacement Pollution/damage to the environment They are running out Less copper inside the ore (<1%) Grow the plants on a low grade ore, when it has grown burn the plants and the ashes contain copper which can be extracted by electrolysis Bacteria A solution which can go through electrolysis or displacement – to extract the copper Outcomes: Active Listening – Phytomining and Bioleaching Summary

Outcomes: Active Listening – Phytomining and Bioleaching Summary Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Because the copper ions are positively charged so they are attracted to the negative electrode Because iron is more reactive than copper Outcomes: Active Listening – Phytomining and Bioleaching Summary

Problems with traditional mining of copper rich ores: Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Problems with traditional mining of copper rich ores: Requires lots of energy Produces large amounts of waste rock Creates large holes in the Earth’s crust and looks ugly Only worthwhile extracting from high grade ores – is expensive

Phytomining: Using plants to extract copper Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Phytomining: Using plants to extract copper Alternative to traditional open cast mining Do not have to have a high grade copper ore! (Good because high grade ores are running out…) Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Step 1: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Step 1: Copper ion … are absorbed by the roots of the plant Copper ions in the soil (low grade copper substance)… Roots Soil Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Copper ions become part of the plant… Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Step 2: Copper ion Copper ions become part of the plant… Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Step 3 Plant containing the copper is burned Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Step 3 Plant containing the copper is burned This produces a waste gas – CO2 It is burned in oxygen (O2) Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Copper ions join with oxide ions from the air during burning reaction Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Step 3 Copper ions join with oxide ions from the air during burning reaction Copper + Oxide Copper ion ion oxide Cu2+ + O2- CuO Copper compound Copper ion Oxide ion Copper ion Oxide ion + Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Step 4 Ash containing Copper oxide is dissolved in sulphuric acid Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Ash containing Copper oxide is dissolved in sulphuric acid Once filtered a solution of Copper Sulphate is produced Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Step 5: Copper metal collects at the negative electrode Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Copper metal collects at the negative electrode Electrolysis of Copper Sulphate solution This process is called electrolysis Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Advantages: Uses low grade copper ore Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Advantages: Uses low grade copper ore Requires less energy than smelting Produces less air pollution Reduces amount of waste rock Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Disadvantages: Can produce toxic chemicals Much slower process Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Disadvantages: Can produce toxic chemicals Much slower process Electrolysis requires large amounts of electricity - expensive Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Create a story board outlining the process of Phytomining (C-B) Extension… What are the advantages and disadvantages to phytomining?

Feedback…..

Summary Questions…. Phytomining Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Summary Questions…. Phytomining (12 minutes) Outcomes: Create a story board explaining the extraction of copper from phytomining (C-A)

Outcomes: Exam style questions (C-A*) Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Outcomes: Exam style questions (C-A*)

Feedback… self-assess (12 minutes) Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Feedback… self-assess (12 minutes) Outcomes: Exam style questions (C-A*)

Task: Active Reading - Bioleaching Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Bioleaching factsheet and questions Bioleaching is the extraction of specific metals from their ores through the use of bacteria. They do this by producing leachate solutions that contain the metal compounds. A leachate is simply the solution we get when a liquid passes through an organism. It can therefore be used to extract copper from its ore in a relatively clean process. Bacteria are usually used in the process. Bioleaching is very economical as it is very simple. This makes it quite a cheap process. It is also environmentally friendly, unlike traditional methods of extracting copper, where several damaging gases such as carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are produced during smelting. Bioleaching can be used on ores that are poor in quality (otherwise known as low grade ores). This is important because high grade ores are limited in their availability. The process does have some problems however. The process is very slow compared to smelting. There are also some toxic chemicals produced which are harmful to the environment. Also, the efficiency by which the bacteria convert the copper ore into copper metal is very low, so there is a lot of waste. Outcomes: Active Reading - bioleaching

Outcomes: Active Reading - bioleaching Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Questions What is bioleaching? (2 marks)    Describe what the leachate is and how it is formed (including the type of organism involved)? (3 marks)   Higher Evaluate bioleaching. Give three advantages of bioleaching and three disadvantages of bioleaching (6 marks) Outcomes: Active Reading - bioleaching

Outcomes: Active Reading - bioleaching Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Mark scheme for bioleaching questions The extraction of specific metals from their ores (1 mark) using bacteria (1 mark) Leachate is the solution that contains the copper compound (1 mark). It is produced by bacteria (1 mark) and is formed when a liquid passes through an organism (1 mark) Advantages (any three of the following): It is a simple process It is a cheap process We can use low grade ores It is environmentally friendly/fewer waste gases produced (3 marks) Disadvantages: It is a slow process Toxic chemicals are produced It has low efficiency (3 marks) Outcomes: Active Reading - bioleaching

Key Words: Smelting Extracting Electrolysis Bioleaching Phytomining Displace Native Metal Low-grade ores High-grade ores Economical Plenary: Write ONE sentence to include the following copper extracting methods: Smelting Bioleaching phytomining Bioleaching Outcomes: Summary Plenary