Wu Shiqiang Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, China Copenhagen Urban Water System Improvement & Sustainability in China

Ignoring ecological and hydrological features Irrational linking of river systems Aimless sewage interception and discharge

End-of-pipe control Source reducing Interception Since 1980s Restoration Comprehensive improvement : River connectivity Ecological restoration LID city Guilin city Two rivers and four lakes Before (1998) Class III After (2000) Class II Wuhan city Connection of six lakes Before (2008) 4.0% of Class II After (2010) 48.0% of Class II Shanghai city LID city planning

★ City area: 8488 km 2 Population: 13 million GDP: billion yuan City area: 8488 km 2 Population: 13 million GDP: billion yuan Situated at the lower reaches of Taihu Basin Time-honored city and The Oriental Venice High-tech industrial base

Nan yuan Area Bei yuan area Tao wu area North area Gan jiang river area South area Downtown

3 yrs of improvement action since 2012 Objectives  100% interception of sewage into river  100% channel dredging  100% elimination of dead end rivers  100% coverage of river channel cleaning Procedures Sewage interception---premise Dredging---base Gravity flow---soul management ---guarantee

Plan indexes: Q>40m 3 /s, WLD>0.2m, WQ> Cass IV Proper diversion: from Yangtze River and Taihu Lake Field observation 1D model 2D 、 3D model Physical model

Combined use of major rivers and lakes Flood Control Engineering System for Taihu Lake Urban Flood Control Engineering System

Three-point sources of water supply Improving the downtown water content and guarantee rate Alleviating the water resources shortage Wangyu River on the East Coast Yangcheng Lake Downtown

Reasonable water supply  Three weirs were built to raise water level of the north city  Water heads in south and north of the city were maintained

Gravity Flow  Operation of water gates to make water supply based on requirement  Water flows from north to south of the city continuously and orderly

 Water velocity increased from 0.05m/s to 0.2m/s  Water exchanged once a day  Main water quality indexes improved from lower than class V to III  Increased fluidity of river systems in the downtown  Connection of inner, middle and outer river circles

Gravity Flow Project: Explore a new way for plain river network conservancy project Combine engineering and non-engineering measures Embody the idea of harmony between human and water Revelations: Systematic planning and comprehensive management Legal protection and focus on protection Collaborative management and scientific evaluation Public participation and collective benefit

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