25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt1 Charles Robert Darwin 12 Feb – 19 April 1882

Charles Darwin, Robert Fulton patented steamboat James Madison became President Napoleon defeated Austria Lamarck published Philosophie Zoologique Births Edgar Allen Poe, Jan. 19 Felix Mendelssohn, Feb. 3Felix Mendelssohn Cyrus McCormick, Feb. 15Cyrus McCormick Deaths Franz Josef Haydn Thomas Paine Meriwether Lewis 25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt2

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt3 Charles Darwin Family  father, Robert Darwin, physician ( )  mother, Susannah Wedgwood ( )  1 brother, 4 sisters Marianne Darwin ( ), Caroline Sarah Darwin ( ) married her cousin Josiah Wedgwood III Susan Elizabeth Darwin ( ) Erasmus Alvey Darwin ( ) Charles Robert Darwin ( ) Emily Catherine Darwin ( )

Wedgwood 25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt4 Founder, Josiah Wedgwood ( ) Father of Susannah Wedgwood Grandfather to Charles Darwin Wedgwood Ltd. Today  GB/home GB/home

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt5 Charles Darwin Education Classical, English “public” school Early interest in natural history Collector of plants, insects, shells, etc. Sent to Medical School at Edinburgh, age 16 became ill seeing surgery, dropped out

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt6 Charles Darwin Education Sent to Cambridge to study for ministry. 3 years "largely wasted" (Autobiography) Disliked formal study, but graduated tenth in class Jan (22 years old)  Friendship with Rev. John Henslow, Prof. of Botany "Henslow's shadow"

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt7 Charles Darwin Summer 1831 Charles home from Cambridge Riding, hunting, collecting, NOT looking for job !!

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt8 Charles Darwin Summer 1831 Royal Navy preparing exploration & mapping expedition to South America  John Henslow invited on H.M.S. Beagle as “naturalist” Henslow: 35 yrs. old, wife & family said “NO!”  Henslow recommended Darwin.

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt9 H.M.S. Beagle “Coffin brig” Lieutenant Robert Fitzroy (1805 – 1865)Lieutenant Robert Fitzroy  Superb seaman & navigator  Governor of New Zealand,  1860, established British Meteorological Office Inventor of barometers First to issue storm warnings and weather forecasts  Biblical literalist & creationist.

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt10 Voyage of the Beagle Beagle sailed 27 Dec Returned to England 2 Oct 1836 Darwin aged 27

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt11 Charles Darwin Return to England  Work on collections, specimens sent to British Museum during Beagle voyage  Publication of results of research and collections  Published Voyage of the Beagle (1839, 1845)

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt12 Charles Darwin Return to England  convinced of "Mutability of species" but how to explain ?? Reading of Malthus, Essay on Population  Development of theory, gathering evidence, correspondence 1842 preliminary essay on "mutability of species" 1844 manuscript in ink, over 200 pp. money set aside for publication if he died.

Charles Darwin Return to England Marriage to Emma Wedgwood (cousin)Emma Wedgwood 29 January 1839 Frequently ill Chagas disease?, fibromyalgia ?? Father of 10 children (7 lived to adult) 25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt13

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt14 Charles Darwin Publications on  Coral Reefs,  South American Geology, Study of barnacles  Taxonomy of Barnacles (3 vol.) Secretary, Geological Society of London 3 year term

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt15 Charles Darwin 1858: Received manuscript from Alfred Russel Wallace Darwin had been “scooped !”

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt16 Alfred Russel Wallace Youngest son of working class family, Surveyor School drawing instructor, met Henry Bates

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt17 Alfred Russel Wallace Expedition to Amazon with Bates Collecting specimens for wealthy amateurs in natural history Return to England: Ship burned & sank, Specimens lost, passengers saved.

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt18 Alfred Russel Wallace New Expedition to “Malay Archipelago”  Singapore, Indonesia, New Guinea, Philippines  “Flash of inspiration” “... it occurred to me to ask the question, Why do some die and some live?” “And the answer was clearly, that on the whole the best fitted live. From the effects of disease the most healthy escaped; from enemies, the strongest, the swiftest, or the most cunning; from famine, the best hunters or those with the best digestion; and so on.”

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt19 Alfred Russel Wallace Quickly wrote 20 pages manuscript, Sent to Darwin for review, critique.

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt20 Charles Darwin Darwin was stunned!  Someone else had the idea he had worked on 20 years Victorian gentleman  Darwin was ready to let Wallace take full credit  Charles Lyell & Joseph Hooker knew of Darwin’s 1844 manuscript  Lyell & Hooker presented Wallace manuscript & Darwin’s papers to Linnaean Society of London, July 1, 1858

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt21 Charles Darwin 1859 (Nov.): Origin of Species published Idea of “descent with modification” by natural selection accepted by scientific community.

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt22 Charles Darwin Later works: 1862: On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects 1868: Variation of Plants and Animals Under Domestication 1871: The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex 1872: The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals 1875: Movement and Habits of Climbing Plants 1875: Insectivorous Plants 1876: The Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom 1877: The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species 1880: The Power of Movement in Plants 1881: The Formation of Vegetable Mould Through the Action of Worms 1887: Autobiography of Charles Darwin (Edited by Francis Darwin)

25 Sept. 2014Darwin.ppt23 Charles Darwin died April 1882 (age 73) Buried in Westminster Abbey near Isaac Newton George Frederic Handel Ralph Vaughn Williams Geoffrey Chaucer Alfred Tennyson William Gladstone Rudyard Kipling David Livingston