Chapter 10 Memory & Thought

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 10 Memory & Thought

Memory The storage and retrieval of what has been learned or experienced.

The 3 Processes of Memory Encoding Storage Retrieval 1 2 3

3 Processes of Memory Encoding: Storage Retrieval Encoding: The transforming of information so the nervous system can process it.

3 Processes of Memory Storage: Encoding Storage Retrieval Storage: The process by which information is maintained over a period of time.

3 Processes of Memory Retrieval: Encoding Storage Retrieval Retrieval: The process of obtaining information that has been stored in memory.

The Three Stages of Memory Sensory Memory Short-term Memory Long-term Memory 1 2 3

Three Stages of Memory Sensory memory Short-term Memory Long-term Memory Sensory memory Very brief memory storage immediately following initial stimulation of a receptor. holds info for a fraction of a second

Three Stages of Memory Short-term memory Sensory Memory Short-term Memory Long-term Memory Short-term memory Memory that is limited in capacity to about 7 items, and in duration by the subject’s active rehearsal. holds info for about 30 seconds “Magic # 7”

Short-Term Memory Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Three Stages of Memory Long-term memory Sensory Memory Short-term Memory Long-term Memory Long-term memory The storage of information over extended periods of time. holds an unlimited amount of info

Sensory Memory Iconic Memory Echoic Memory Visual sensory memory Holds visual information for up to a second Echoic Memory Auditory sensory memory Holds auditory information for 1 - 2 seconds

Short-Term Memory Maintenance rehearsal Chunking A system for remembering that involves repeating information to oneself without attempting to find meaning in it. Chunking The process of grouping items to make them easier to remember.

Short-Term Memory Primacy-recency effect Working memory We are better able to recall information presented at the beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of a list. Working memory Another name for short-term memory.

Types of Long-Term Memory: Semantic memory Episodic memory Declarative memory Procedural memory

Long-Term Memory Semantic memory Episodic memory Knowledge of language, including its rules, words, and meanings. Episodic memory Memory of one’s life, including time of occurrence.

Long-Term Memory Declarative memory Procedural memory Memory of knowledge that can be called forth consciously as needed. Procedural memory Memory of learned skills that does not require conscious recollection.

Review… Memory Task Writing your name Words to the Star Spangled Banner Your friend’s birthday party from last week Tying your shoe What you ate last Thanksgiving Remembering the parts of the limbic system Knowing that the word plane is different from plain, even though they sound the same. Types of Memory A. Declarative B. Episodic C. Semantic D. Procedural

Answers… 1. D 2. A or C 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C

Retrieving Information Section 2 Retrieving Information

Define the following words: Recognition Recall Reconstructive process Confabulation Schemas Eidetic memory State-dependent memory

Context-Dependent Memory Refers to improved recall of information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same.

Explain each type of forgetting: Decay Proactive interference Retroactive interference Repression Amnesia

Types of Forgetting… Can you guess which type of forgetting is being illustrated in each of the following examples?

Question 1: Since we are learning new information in Chapter 10, you can’t remember the information from Chapter 9 in as much detail.

Answer: Retroactive Interference

Question 2: Someone who went to Disney World when they were 9 years old is having trouble describing the trip to their friends in high school because the trip took place so many years ago.

Answer: Decay

Question 3: Last year in class one of your friends told a really embarrassing story about you in front of all of your friends. You were so embarrassed at the time that you tried not to think about it after it happened. When someone asked you about the incident a week later, you can’t seem to remember any of the details.

Answer: Repression

Question 4: You had to change the password on your laptop. After you changed it you kept entering your old password again and again because you couldn’t remember the new one.

Answer: Proactive Interference

Question 5: John was texting while driving and ran into a telephone poll. He hit his head on the windshield of the car, but he did not appear to be seriously injured. When the ambulance arrived and asked him for his name, he said he couldn’t remember.

Answer: Amnesia

Define: Elaborative rehearsal Maintenance rehearsal