® Sponsored by An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: Urban Planning 93rd OGC Technical Committee Tokyo, Japan George Percivall, OGC 3 December 2014 Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® An OGC Framework for Smart Cities: Urban Planning “OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework” OGC Document , draft OGC White Paper Built from these activities: –“Making Location Work for Smart Cities – the Case for Location Standards,” OGC - Directions Magazine webinar –Discussions and Presentations to DWGs in Calgary TC –Survey of Smart City Standards Activities: JTC 1, ITU, ISO, BSI, DIN, others –Survey of CityGML implementations Objective: mature the White Paper into a Best Practice based on DWG discussions and implementation Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Open Standards Coordination for Smart Cities ISO/IEC JTC 1/SG 1 Smart Cities ISO TMB Task Force on Smart Cities ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities ISO ISO/TC Sustainable development and resilience of communities British Standards Institute, DKE/DIN German standards Others: IEC, ANSI, CEN/CENELEC, ETSI, etc. Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework White Paper Themes Smart Cities are high-density generators of innovation and information. Location information is a major enabler of Smart City technology benefits. Benefits of smart technology must be judged by benefits to residents Reuse and repurpose is vital to urban resilience Open standards are needed for interoperability, efficiency, application innovation and cost effectiveness. Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Smart Cities Spatial Information Viewpoints ISO/IEC 10746, Information Technology — Open Distributed Processing — Reference Model (RM-ODP) –Enterprise Viewpoint: definition of Smart City, Indicators for assessing the value of deploying the technology, and enterprise components for the information system of a Smart City –Information Viewpoint, spatial information and data needed in Smart City –Services Viewpoint interfaces and workflows pertinent to a achieve interoperability using a service oriented architecture for a Smart City –Deployment Viewpoint, identifying approaches for deploying the Spatial Information Framework in cities. An Annex provides a summary of standardization activities regarding Smart Cities. –The architecture in the main body of the white paper aims to build on and contribute back to the activities of the SDOs. Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Smart Cities Spatial Information Themes Smart Cities are high-density generators of innovation and information Location information is a major enabler of Smart City technology benefits. Benefits of smart technology must be judged by benefits to residents Reuse and repurpose is vital to urban resilience Open standards are needed for interoperability, efficiency, application innovation and cost effectiveness. (Graphic from Steve Liang, University of Calgary)

OGC ® What’s so smart about Smart Cities? A Smart City provides effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens. –Source: BSI PAS Smart Cities Vocabulary How are “smarts” applied in cities –To improve emergency response and resource management. Centralized command and control system –To enhance citizen access to the city information to inform individual and collective decision making Autonomous actors in an ecosystem Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

OGC ® The Death and Life of Great Smart Cities “Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody.” –The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jane Jacobs “Go out there and see what works and what doesn’t work, and learn from reality. See how people actually use spaces, learn from that, and use it.” –Physical architect Jan Gehl recalling Jane Jacobs Smart city information development based on Jacobs –Open Information –Iterative Development –Indicators of what’s important Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

OGC ® Indicators for city services and quality of life Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

OGC ® Example Indicators from ISO ISO indicators involve geospatial and sensors Recreation indicator: Outdoor recreation space –Square meters of public outdoor recreation space per capita Energy indicator: Renewable energy sources –Percentage of total energy derived from renewable sources, as a share of the city's total energy consumption Environment indicator: Noise pollution –Noise pollution shall be calculated by mapping the noise level L den (day-evening-night) likely to cause annoyance Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

OGC ® Smart City Application Areas Each SDO has a similar list of application areas: Utilities - Smart Grid, Smart Water, etc. Sanitation Intelligent Buildings Intelligent Transportation Health Public Safety and Security Environmental Protection Emergency Services Education Urban Planning Open Data Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Smart City Information Enterprise

OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium China’s Smart City Pilots: A Progress Report Pu Liu and Zhenghong Peng, Wuhan University IEEE Computer, October 2014

OGC ® ITU Focus Group on Smart Sustainable Cities

OGC ® Smart City Enterprise Components Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Elected Officials Population Data Analytics and Models Data Access Geospatial Data City Sensor Webs Sensor networks Public Crowdsourcing Phones, Wearables Health Metadata Catalogs, Semantics Sensing Layer Data Layer Data Ingest and Quality Checking Other Data Enterprise Data Urban/Municipal Database Business Layer Visualization and Decision Support Application Layer Economic Data Intelligent buildingsIntelligent transportationOpen data Environmental ProtectionPublic safety and securityUrban planning UtilitiesEmergency ServicesEducationSanitation Municipal Employees Cloud hosted resources Security System Smart City Information Enterprise

OGC ® Spatial information is pervasive and primary Geography Markup Language (GML) – the international XML standard for spatial data on the web. CityGML - open data format for the storage and exchange of virtual 3D city models and semantics IndoorGML - modeling indoor spaces for navigation purposes. LandXML - civil engineering and survey data for land development and transportation Building Information Models (BIM) using ISO, BuildingSmart and OGC standards Source: Thomas Kolbe, Berlin TU Information Viewpoint

OGC ® CityGML Standards Family CityGML Standard –Version 2.0 – current adopted version –Version 3.0 Standards Working Group underway INSPIRE Data Specification on Buildings –Buildings Theme as in Annex III of the EU INSPIRE Directive –3D representations of buildings using CityGML –Basis of visualization of noise mapping National 3D standard in The Netherlands –OGC Best Practice: CityGML ADE - Dutch 3D Standard Additional profiles are underway –3D National Data Model for Kingdom of Bahrain Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® CityGML Implementation (Thanks to Claus Nagel for input) Berlin 3D City Model - one of the world's largest city models. –560,000 fully textured building models in Level of Detail 2 (LoD2) and more than 200 detailed models in LoD3/4. –Basis of the Berlin Economic Atlas and the Solar Atlas German federal surveying agencies central database –will contain every building in Germany as CityGML LOD1 and LOD2 model. –LOD1 model is nearly complete, and LOD2 is expected to be completed by the end of next year. –Nearly every larger German city maintains its own CityGML model in addition. Major cities in Austria (e.g., Vienna, Salzburg), Switzerland (e.g., Zürich, Geneva) France (e.g., Paris, Bordeaux) have CityGML models Finland national initiative to build up a nation-wide 3D model –3D model on top of an “Open Information Model Architecture” - CityGML + OGC web service interfaces + open data + open APIs. –Finish 3D model integrating both BIM and CityGML. Singapore evaluated CityGML for a 3D city model covering all LODs. –Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) Malaysian 3D SDI Increasing interest in Japan and US Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Geospatial Standards and Profile s ISO/BSI ISO 19103ISO 19107ISO 19108ISO 19111ISO 19115ISO 19123ISO 19136/19139 ISO LADM ISO – O&M PAS Smart Cities OGCIHO/ICAO/WMO/....INSPIRE National/City Data Model Smart service 1Smart service 2 Domain specific model 1 Domain specific model 2 S-57/ S-100 AIXM 5.1 Network Model Buildings Addresses CityGML SWE Common BIM Future extension GML Coverages Information Viewpoint Source: Carsten Roensdorf, Ordnance Survey

OGC ® Seamless spatial data modeling across SDOs Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Information Viewpoint

OGC ® Interoperability Services for Smart Cities OGC Web Services –Maps - WMS, Features - WFS, Coverages - WCS, Metadata - CSW Sensor Web Enablement –Discover, Task, Access and Process Sensor Observations – SOS, SPS Crowdsourcing –Geo-enabled Social Media –SensorThings for Internet of Things Processing –WPS, WCPS, TJS, OpenMI Visualization and Augmented Reality –ARML2, 3D Portrayal Open Data and Mobile: –Open GeoSMS, Context, GeoPackage, 3D Portrayal © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium OGC Sensor Web Enablement Services Viewpoint OGC Web Services Web Map Server Web Coverage Server Web Feature Server

OGC ® OGC Services Architecture for interoperable access and processing of geospatial information for decision support Visualization / Decision Tools and Applications Internet and Cellular Networks Other Data Processing Services OpenMI WPS TJS WCPS Geospatially Enabled Metadata Discovery Services CSW OpenSearch Geo ebRIM WMS WMTS WFS Simple Features Access Simple Features Access Access Services Geospatial Feature Data Geospatial Browse/Maps Geospatial Coverage Data WCS Other Services Workflow, Alerts Sensors Puck SOS SPS O&M SensorML Sensor Web Enablement DiscoverTaskAccess Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Services Viewpoint

OGC ® Example applications of Smart City Spatial Information Architecture (1 of 2) IndicatorStandards Maintain a City Model“Rapid model-building for venue owners” using CityGML and IndoorGML Recreation: Recreation space Calculate using WFS, WPS on City model OGC Moving Features movement of pedestrians Energy: Renewable energy sources Solar Atlas of Berlin is based on CityGML model BIM, geospatial, smart meters for urban energy - European SUNSHINE project Environment: Noise pollution 3D visualization of noise using the INSPIRE Building OGC. Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Example applications of Smart City Spatial Information Architecture (1 of 3) IndicatorStandards Common Operating Picture COP for emergency response using Oil Spill Recommended Practice – OGC Web Services and GML Application Schemas Urban EconomicsGeospatial cyberinfrastructure for urban economic analysis and simulation: WMS, WFS, WPS at ASU Big data Analytics"New Science of Cities,” Batty WPS cloud computing for big data geo-analytics Crowdsourcing and VGI SensorThings on crowdsourcing “stovepipes” WFS and SOS wrapping of Twitter, Flickr and from mobile devices directly as in OGC testbeds Open DataOpen source : OS Geo, LocationTech, Apache, etc Open data: Open Street Map, Location Tech, GEOSS Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Information Viewpoint Computational Viewpoint Engineering Technology Viewpoints Optimized Design/Development Enterprise Viewpoint Community Objectives Indicators for city services and quality of life Smart City Applications Enterprise Components Abstract/Best Practices RM-ODP Viewpoints Information Models GML CityGML IndoorGML LandXML BIM OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework Indicator Maintain a City Model Recreation: Recreation space Energy: Renewable energy Environment: Noise pollution Indicator Common Operating Picture Urban Economics Big data Analytics Crowdsourcing and VGI Open Data Services OGC Web Services Sensor Web (SWE) Mobile and IoT Crowdsourcing Open Data

OGC ® OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework 1. A Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities? 2. Smart City Information Enterprise 2.1What’s so smart about Smart Cities? 2.2Indicators for city services and quality of life 2.3Smart City Applications 2.4Smart City Enterprise framework 3. Spatial Information and Smart Cities 3.1Spatial information is pervasive and primary 3.2CityGML and IndoorGML 3.3LandML, InfraGML and InfraML 3.4Building Information Models 4. Interoperability Services for Smart Cities 4.1Geospatial Services Architecture 4.2Sensor Web Enablement and SensorThings 4.3Data Access Services 4.4Processing Services 4.5Catalogue Services 4.6Workflow 4.7Context Document and GeoPackage 4.8Visualization and Augmented Reality 5. Development of Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities 5.1Spatial Information Architecture for Smart Cities 5.2OGC Smart City Interoperability Initiatives 5.3Deploying the Spatial Information Framework for Smart Cities Annex A. Open Standards Coordination for Smart Cities Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Next Steps Next Steps in developing Spatial Information Framework Develop a Spatial Information Architecture for Smart Cities –Build on the white paper and beyond Coordinate with other Standards Developing Organizations –OGC providing spatial and location standards for Smart Cities Catalog OGC member implementations Conduct testing to confirm the architecture and technology Deploy the architecture as a policy in your Smart City. Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium

OGC ® Copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium Template for Document Approval Motion The Urban Planning DWG recommends that the OGC Technical Committee approve release of [OGC Document ] “OGC Smart Cities Spatial Information Framework” as an OGC White Paper –Pending and final edits and review by OGC staff –After a two week comment period and responses. –Motion: –Second: –If there is a hand vote, the results of the vote. Otherwise, the phrase should be used This White Paper provides a draft spatial information framework for Smart Cities. The document is structured using an RM-ODP viewpoints plus an annex surveying Smart City activities in other SDOs.