ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, 2015 Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX highlights.

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ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, 2015 Itzhak Tserruya PHENIX highlights

Introduction Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, RHIC is a unique machine for its versatility Can collide any species from p up to U, at any energy from the top energy of √s NN = 200 GeV down to 7 GeV PHENIX capitalizes on this versatility performing systematic studies of observables as function of system size and colliding energy This talk will focus on recent PHENIX results on these studies

Outline  Introduction  Small vs large systems: change of paradigm?  Long range correlations in d, 3 He + Au  v 2 in d, 3 He + Au  HBT radii in d+Au, Cu+Cu  HF and J/ψ R AA in d+Au, Cu+Cu  Lower energies  HBT radii vs energy  dN ch /dη scaling  v 2 energy dependence  HF R AA vs energy  Photons  Summary 3

Small systems: paradigm change? Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, p+p: reference baseline p,d+A:  System size too small for quark matter formation  Reference for cold nuclear matter effects Is that so? Many features seen in A+A collisions are also seen in high multiplicity p,d+A collisions:

Small systems: paradigm change? Small systems: paradigm change? Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, p+p: reference baseline p,d+A:  System size too small for quark matter formation  Reference for cold nuclear matter effects Is that so? Many features seen in A+A collisions are also seen in high multiplicity p,d+A collisions:  Long range correlations in d, 3 He+Au

Ridge in small systems at RHIC  Long-range near-side peak clearly visible in central d+Au collisions  Not present in minimum bias p+p collisions Min bias p+pCentral d+Au Two particle correlations measured over a large |Δ  | > 2.75 gap (charged track in central arm and tower hit in forward calorimeter) arXiv: Central 3 He+Au  Long-range near-side peak clearly visible in central d+Au and central 3 He+Au collisions  Not present in minimum bias p+p collisions

…and at LHC 7 ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, 2015  Long-range near-side peak clearly visible in high multiplicity p+Pb collisions as observed in AA collisions at RHIC and LHC CMS p+Pb √s NN =5.02 TeV N trk > 110STAR Au+Au central √s NN =200 GeV PLB 718, 795 (2013)PRC 80, (2009) …very similar to AA Itzhak Tserruya

Long-range correlations in d+Au  No ridge in d-going direction. Shape of correlation changes with centrality  Ridge seen only in Au-going direction. Strong centrality dependence  Peripheral collisions: very similar correlations in d-going and Au-going sides arXiv:

Ridge in central 3 He+Au  Long-range correlations seen on both Au-going and 3 He-going sides 9Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, 2015  Hydro can explain and reproduce the ridge  Also CGC effective field theory (initial state gluon saturation) can explain the ridge (Phys. Rev. D87, (2013)).

Small systems: paradigm change? Small systems: paradigm change? Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, p+p: reference baseline p,d+A:  System size too small for quark matter formation  Reference for cold nuclear matter effects Is that so? Many features seen in A+A collisions are also seen in high multiplicity p,d+A collisions:  Long range correlations in d, 3 He+Au  Flow in d, 3 He+Au

Flow in small systems at RHIC 11 ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, 2015  Mass ordering seen in d+Au v 2  Data consistent with viscous hydrodynamics (using η/s =1/4π) at p T <2 GeV/c PHENIX arXiv: Itzhak Tserruya  v 2 of 3 He+Au similar to that of d+Au  Clear v 3 signal in central 3 He+Au collisions

…and at the LHC 12 ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, 2015 …very similar to AA PLB 726, 164 (2013)PRC 72, (2005) ALICE Itzhak Tserruya  Flow observed in small systems at RHIC and LHC  Similar magnitude and mass ordering as observed in AA collisions

Small systems: paradigm change? Small systems: paradigm change? Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, p+p: reference baseline p,d+A:  System size too small for quark matter formation  Reference for cold nuclear matter effects Is that so? Many features seen in A+A collisions are also seen in high multiplicity p,d+A collisions:  Long range correlations in d, 3 He+Au  Flow in d, 3 He+Au  HBT radii in d+Au

14 HBT radii scale with size arXiv:  PHENIX Au+Au and Cu+Cu: HBT radii scale linearly with initial transverse size  ALICE Pb+Pb : same behavior

15 ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, 2015 …also in small systems a  HBT radii scale linearly with the initial transverse size from small (d+Au, p+Pb) to large (Au+Au, Pb+Pb) systems at RHIC and LHC.  Imply radial expansion in small systems and final state interaction arXiv: Itzhak Tserruya

Small systems: paradigm change? Small systems: paradigm change? Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, p+p: reference baseline p,d+A:  System size too small for quark matter formation  Reference for cold nuclear matter effects Is that so? Many features seen in A+A collisions are also seen in high multiplicity p,d+A collisions:  Long range correlations in d, 3 He+Au  Flow in d, 3 He+Au  HBT radii in d+Au  HF and J/  R AA in d+Au and Cu+Cu

HF R AA system-size dependence Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, PRC 90, (2014)  Smooth evolution of HF R AA from enhancement in small systems to suppression in large systems

18 J/  system-size dependence PRC 90, (2014)  Similar suppression for smaller (CuCu) and larger (AuAu) systems. PRL 101, (2008)  Similar suppression in Cu+Au (Au-going direction) and Au+Au  Stronger suppression in Cu+Au (Cu-going direction) – opposite of expected trend if suppression is prop to particle density

Lower energies Lower energies Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6,

HBT vs. collision energy Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, PHENIX, STAR and ALICE results combined  Non-monotonic behavior of R out 2 – R side 2 (proportional to emission duration Δ  and (R side -√2R)/ R long (related to medium expansion velocity).   softening of equation of state near the CEP? arXiv:

dN ch /dη scaling Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, N part scalingN quark scaling

dN ch /dη scaling Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, N part scalingN quark scaling  Normalize highest multiplicity point at each energy to 1  N part scaling works well at low energies  N quark scaling works well at high energies  Transition at ~ 39 GeV.

v 2 in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at √s NN =62.4 and200 GeV 23 arXiv: Au+Au Cu+Cu  Almost no difference in v 2 at 200 and 62 GeV in Au+Au and Cu+Cu

v 2 energy dependence Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6,  Flow saturates at √s NN = 39 – 200 GeV  Significant decrease at √s NN = 7.7 GeV

  R AA vs energy Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6,  Central Cu+Cu: Onset of suppression between 22.4 and 62.4 GeV  Central Au+Au: Onset of suppression at energies lower than 39 GeV  But very different N part Cu+Cu PRL 101, (2008) Au+Au PRL 109, (2012) N part ≈ N part ≈

HF R AA in Au+Au  Strong suppression  Large v 2  Enhancement – opposite to energy loss models  Same v 2 within uncertainties arXiv: PRC 84, (2011) 200 GeV62.4 GeV 26

Photons Photons Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6,

Direct photons Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6,  New measurement using external conversion of real photons  Consistent with previous result  Extend range to lower p T, higher statistics arXiv:  v 2 remains a challenge for theory. New v 3 data provide additional constraint

Direct photons excess: Centrality dependence Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6,  Subtract N coll scaled p+p spectrum  excess photon yield  Fit excess photon yield with Y = A exp(-p T /T)  Inverse slope T independent of centrality arXiv:  Integrated excess yield scale as dN/dy = B  N part  with  =1.48±0.08±0.04

Future Future Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6,

The future: sPHENIX Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, arXiv:  Excellent jet, dijet, h,  -jet quarkonia capabilities  Designed to be the basis for a future eIC detector  DOE Science Review in July 2014  1.5 T BaBar magnet being moved to BNL

Summary Many phenomena observed in A+A collisions are also seen in small systems p,d+A. Interesting features observed at low energies. Direct photons remain a puzzle sPHENIX 32 ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, 2015 Itzhak Tserruya

Other recent PHENIX results Itzhak Tserruya ICPAQGP, Kolkata, February 2-6, arXiv: HF and J/ψ in d+Au at 200 GeV ϒ in Au+Au J/ψ in U+U, Au+Au, Cu+Cuv 2, v 3, v 4 in Au+AuDark Photons arXiv: arXiv: