LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT STANDARD(S): 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Describe how the United States mobilized for war. Summarize U.S. battlefield successes. Identify the new weapons and the medical problems faced in World War I. Describe U.S. offensives and the end of the war.

A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

American Power Tips the Balance Section 2 American Power Tips the Balance The United States mobilize a large army and navy to help the Allies achieve victory. NEXT

American Power Tips the Balance 2 SECTION American Power Tips the Balance America Mobilizes Raising an Army • Selective Service Act—men register, randomly chosen for service • African Americans in segregated units, excluded from navy, marines • Soldiers train for 8 months, often drill with fake weapons • Women in army, navy, marines as nurses secretaries, phone operators NEXT

SECTION 2: AMERICAN POWER TIPS THE BALANCE America was not ready for war – only 200,000 men were in service when war was declared Congress passed the Selective Service Act in May of 1917 By the end of 1918, 24 million had signed up and almost 3 million were called to duty About 2 million American troops reached Europe

Guided Reading: 1. How did US raise an army? Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which required 24 million men to register for the draft.

Chapter 11 Section 2 A – How did the United States raise an army for the war? Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which required 24 million men to register for the draft.

FRESH U.S. SOLDIERS JOIN FIGHT After 2 ½ years of fighting, the Allied forces were exhausted One of the main contributions of the Americans was fresh and enthusiastic troops American infantry were nicknamed “doughboys” because of their white belts Most doughboys had never ventured far from the farms or small towns they lived in

American Power Tips the Balance 2 SECTION American Power Tips the Balance America Mobilizes Mass Production • To expand fleet to transport men, food, equipment to Europe, U.S.: - gives special status to shipyard workers - uses fabrication techniques - takes over commercial, private ships NEXT

Guided Reading: 2. How did US soldiers help win the war? Brought freshness and enthusiasm; Helped stop German advances on Paris and several other French cities; Helped win the Second Battle of the Marne.

Guided Reading: 3. How did US build its naval force? It exempted shipyard workers from the draft, Used a public relations campaign to stress the importance of shipbuilding Used prefabrication techniques And took control of private ships for transatlantic duty.

B – How did the United States expand its navy so quickly? It exempted shipyard workers from the draft, Used a public relations campaign to stress the importance of shipbuilding Used prefabrication techniques And took control of private ships for transatlantic duty.

America Turns the Tide U.S. Navy Contributions 2 SECTION America Turns the Tide U.S. Navy Contributions • Convoy system—destroyers escort merchant ships across Atlantic - losses drop dramatically • Navy helps lay mines across North Sea, keep U-boats out of Atlantic • 1918, Germans have difficulty replacing boats, trained submariners NEXT

Guided Reading: 4. How did the US Navy help win the war? Broke the German blockade by suggesting the convoy system to the British and then putting it into practice; Helped lay down a barrier of mines in the North Sea.

America Turns the Tide Fighting in Europe 2 SECTION America Turns the Tide Fighting in Europe After 2 1/2 years fighting, Allied forces are exhausted, demoralized American troops bring numbers, freshness, enthusiasm NEXT

Shell Shock

Fighting “Over There” Doughboys in Europe 2 SECTION Fighting “Over There” Doughboys in Europe • General John J. Pershing leads American Expeditionary Force - soldiers impressed by cities, shocked by battle NEXT

Fighting “Over There” New Weapons 2 SECTION Fighting “Over There” New Weapons By 1917, British learn to use tanks to clear path for infantry Early planes flimsy, only do scouting; later ones stronger, faster - carry machine guns, heavy bomb loads American ace Eddie Rickenbacker, other pilots in dogfights Observation balloons used extensively, prime target of ace pilots NEXT

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Machine Guns Fire over 600 bullets per minute.

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Poison Gas Odorless, kills and blinds mustard gas was used to subdue the enemy

Animals were also susceptible to gas

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Tanks Armor plated vehicles tanks ran on caterpillar treads

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Airplanes Used for scouting, bombing and strafing Early dogfights resembled duals,

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Blimps

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Flame Throwers

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Grenade Launchers

C – How did World War I change the nature of warfare? WWI introduced new weapons and redefined existing weapons; Tanks and airplanes helped introduce mechanized warfare.

NEW WEAPONS OF WAR Submarines

Machine Guns killed in the thousands Using effective crossfire

Early models made of empty cans Later models made to separate into 48 pieces.

British invention – a Plummer from England came up with the idea.

Germany built no tanks in WWI They did use captured tanks

D – What were the physical and psychological effects of this new kind of warfare? The new warfare caused physical ailments such as trench-foot And psychological ailments such as shell shock.

Guided Reading: 5. What new weapons of mechanized warfare threatened those in combat? Zeppelins (gas-filled airships) Machine guns Tubes that spewed poison gas Tanks Airplanes

The War Introduces New Hazards 2 SECTION The War Introduces New Hazards New Problems of War New weapons and tactics lead to horrific injuries, hazards Troops amidst filth, pests, polluted water, poison gas, dead bodies Constant bombardment, battle fatigue produce “shell shock” Physical problems include dysentery, trench foot, trench mouth NEXT

American Troops Go on the Offensive 2 SECTION American Troops Go on the Offensive Allies Stop German Advance • Russia pulls out of war 1917; Germans shift armies to western front - come within 50 miles of Paris • Americans help stop German advance, turn tide against Central Powers Continued . . . NEXT

E – How did American forces help the Allies win the war? American forces helped stop the German advance and turned the tide against the Central Powers.

AMERICAN TROOPS GO ON THE OFFENSIVE When Russia surrendered to the Germans in 1917, it allowed the Central Powers to focus on the Western Front By May, the Germans were within 50 miles of Paris The Americans arrived and immediately played a major role in pushing the Germans back In July and August the Americans helped the Allies win the Second Battle of the Marne Men of the 42nd Division during the Second Marne. These men were killed by artillery fire just 5 minutes after this photo was taken

American Troops Go on the Offensive 2 SECTION American Troops Go on the Offensive American War Hero • Conscientious objector—person who opposes war on moral grounds • Originally a conscientious objector, Alvin York decides WWI is just • Alone kills 25 Germans; with 6 others, captures 132 prisoners • Promoted to sergeant; becomes U.S. celebrity Continued . . . NEXT

AMERICAN WAR HERO Alvin York, a blacksmith from Tennessee, originally sought an exemption from the war as a Conscientious Objector York eventually decided it was morally acceptable to fight if the cause was right On October 8, 1918, armed with only a rifle and a revolver, York killed 25 Germans and (with six doughboys) captured 132 prisoners Upon his return home he was promoted to Sergeant and hailed a hero The man The movie

The Collapse of Germany 2 SECTION continued American Troops Go on the Offensive The Collapse of Germany November 3, 1918, Austria-Hungary surrenders to Allies German sailors, soldiers rebel; socialists establish German republic - kaiser gives up throne Germans exhausted; armistice, or truce, signed November 11, 1918 NEXT

GERMANY COLLAPSES, WAR ENDS On November 3, 1918, Germany’s partner, Austria-Hungary, surrendered to the Allies That same day, German sailors mutinied against their government Other revolts followed, and Germany was too exhausted to continue So at the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, of the eleventh month of 1918, Germany signed a truce ending the Great War War ends 11/11/18

The Final Toll 2 World War I bloodiest war in history to date SECTION continued American Troops Go on the Offensive The Final Toll World War I bloodiest war in history to date - more than half of 22 million dead are civilians - 20 million more are wounded 10 million people become refugees NEXT

Amputations

Guided Reading: 6. What did the war cost (NUMBERS) in the terms of the number of …  Civilian deaths? military deaths? injuries? refugees? 11 million 20 million 10 million

Guided Reading: 7. What were the estimated economic costs? $$$$$$ $338,000,000,000 338 Billion Dollars