Thailand energy solution: Energy from household and agricultural waste Practical on waste to energy by Thanes Utistham, Ph.D. Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR) 7 February 2015

Final energy consumption in Thailand Presentation Outline Introduction: TISTR Final energy consumption in Thailand Potential of agricultural waste in Thailand Conversion technologies: Gasification and Pyrolysis 2

Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), วว.

Research and Development for Sustainable Development TISTR is state enterprise under Ministry of Science and Technology, 1963 Research and Development for Sustainable Development Research and Development for Bio-Industries Industrial Services Administration Staff ~ 900 4

Energy technology department Research and Development for Sustainable Development Employees: 38 persons Doctor 11 Master 8 Bachelor 15 Diploma 4 5 5

ฝ่ายเทคโนโลยีพลังงาน กลุ่มวิจัยและพัฒนาด้านพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืน ฝ่ายเทคโนโลยีพลังงาน กลุ่มวิจัยและพัฒนาด้านพัฒนาอย่างยั่งยืน Energy technology department Research and Development for Sustainable Development Ethanol plant….NEDO…/ 1981 Ethanol production Bio diesel production Biomass to liquid fuel (DME/methanol/synthetic diesel- gasoline/plastic oil/ Bio oil) Biomass/MSW power plant Synthesis oil pilot plant (DME/methanol/gasoline/diesel) / 2015 Bio diesel pilot plant...JICA…/ 2011 6 6

2. Final energy consumption in Thailand Petroleum products..................1 million million ฿/y Diesel 19,200 m. liter/y Gasoline 7,300 m. liter/y Fuel oil 2,400 m. liter/y.................Bio oil Electricity........................ 0.3 million ฿/y NG 71% Coal 21% 7 7

3. Potential of agricultural waste in Thailand Biomass : Agricultural waste 8 8

Pre-selected crops residues

Potential of Biomasses as Renewable Energy Sources

Residue biomass 11

Residue biomass (cont.) 12

Residue biomass (cont.) กิโลตันน้ำมันดิบ/ปี 13

14

4. Conversion technologies Replace with presentation notes here. 4. Conversion technologies Summary Overview XXXX Major Title Heading. XXXX Gasification………..Gas Pyrolysis……………Oil / Charcoal 15 15

Synthetic oil via F-T Synthesis, Thermal decomposition Productions of fuels from Biomasses via Pyrolysis & Gasification Gasification Temp: 700-1200 ºC Oxygen: > 30% Syngas: 85 % Char: 10 % Bio-oil: 5 % Synthetic oil via F-T Synthesis, Syngas (CO, H2, CH4) H2 for Fuel Cell Thermal decomposition Biomasses Charcoal Bio-oil Pyrolysis Temp: 300-500 ºC Oxygen : ~ 0 % Syngas: 13 % Char: 12 % Bio-oil: 75 % Synthetic oil via HDO Source: TISTR

Gasification 17

Liquid products collector Capacity: 5 kW ปี 2004 Feedstock dryer Dust collector 2 Wet scrubber Heat exchanger Liquid products collector Gasifier Pyrolyser Dust collector 1 Ash collector Filter Blower 18

Capacity: 20 kW ปี 2005 19 Source: TISTR

NEDO collaboration on Gasification technology 20

NEDO collaboration on Gasification technology (Cont.) 21 21

NEDO collaboration on Pyrolysis technology 22

Plasma gasification 23 23

Pyrolysis Pyrolysis technology, 1 atm, ~ 500 oC Slow pyrolysis Fast pyrolysis Flash pyrolysis Main product By-products Char Bio oil<50% , Gas Bio oil <70% Char, Gas Bio oil >70% Char, Gas 24

Fast pyrolysis Bubbling fluidized bed pyrolyzer Circulating fluidized bed pyrolyzer Rotating cone pyrolyzer Ablative pyrolyzer Vacuum pyrolyzer Auger/Screw pyrolyzer 25

Innovation on Production and Automotive Utilization of Biofuels from Non-food Biomass

Life cycle of Jatropha Jatropha cake Source: modified from Somchuewiang , Bio-oil Production from Jatropha cake via Two-Stage Screw Pyrolyzer

Participants and Tasks 日タイの相互のポテンシャル Task 5 New fuels production technology New fuels engine technology AIST Waseda U. NSTDA/MTEC TISTR BDF upgrading / Bio oil production/ Bio oil upgrading　　　　　 Evaluation of engine and emission performances Task 1,2,3 Task 4 Task 3 Jatropha　(From oil to residues） New fuels assessment technology Evaluation of combustion performances LCA analysis of new fuels production BDF detoxification/ Bio oil production/ Bio separation BDF production/ BDF upgrading/ Bio oil production BDF upgrading / Bio oil upgrading　　　　　 KMUTNB Capacity building Source: modified from AIST

Extruded screw fast pyrolyzer Source: TISTR 29 Capacity: 3 kg/hr

Schematic of extruded screw fast pyrolyzer Size ~ 1.0 mm Torrification Stage Pyrolysis Stage Diameter = 8 cm, Length = 50 cm, Pitch = 1 cm Schematic of extruded screw fast pyrolyzer 30 Capacity: 3 kg/hr

Screw fast pyrolyzer 11 31

Results Summary Overview Major Title Replace with presentation notes here. Summary Overview XXXX Major Title Heading. XXXX Results 32 32

Water + Bio oil Bio oil 15

Jatropha residues Temperature ~ 500 oC, Water soluble bio oil / Water 20.86% Replace with presentation notes here. Liquid, 40.40% Water insoluble bio oil, 19.54% LHV, 21,638 kJ/kg Conclusions Jatropha residues Temperature ~ 500 oC, LHV = 16,438 kJ/kg Summary Overview XXXX Major Title Heading. XXXX Gas, 33.22% Char, 26.38% LHV, 26,530 kJ/kg 34 34

Results Water soluble bio oil/Water, 20.86% Liquid, 40.40% Replace with presentation notes here. Liquid, 40.40% Water insoluble bio oil, 19.54% 40-70% Summary Overview XXXX Major Title Heading. XXXX 20-30% Results Gas, 33.22% 10-30% Char, 26.38% 10-20% 35 35

Circulating Fluidized bed Pyrolyzer Condenser Loop seal Control Combustor Screw feeder Pyrolyzer Capacity: 10 kg/hr 36

Circulating Fluidized bed Pyrolyzer Cyclone 1&2 Condenser, 1 & 2 ESP Loop-seal Pyrolized gas + char + sand Char + sand Liquid product, 30 % Bio-oil, 15% Exhaust gas Combustor Oil burner Riser 650-700ºC Sand bed Ø 170 -200 µm Pyrolyzer 500ºC Jatropha cake Air Nitrogen Source: TISTR Air

Cyclone 3 Electrostatic precipitator,ESP,15% Liquid product, 30%

Electrostatic precipitator,ESP,15% Replace with presentation notes here. Summary Overview XXXX Major Title Heading. XXXX 39 39

Current and voltage condition in ESP Current (mA) Spark over voltage N2 N2 + oil mist Slowly increased the voltage of ESP from 0 to 12 kV to investigate the discharged current. Compared the current between the only N2 flow case and mixed N2 with oil mist flow case performed in the ESP.

Torrified Jatropha cake Encountered Problems Circulating Fluidized bed Pyrolyzer Torrified Jatropha cake Agglomerated ash Agglomerated char Bio-oil harnessing Source: TISTR

Encountered Problems Bio-oil harnessing Source: TISTR

Water + Bio oil from condenser 1 & 2 43

Bio oil from electrostatic precipitator, ESP Replace with presentation notes here. Summary Overview XXXX Major Title Heading. XXXX Bio oil from electrostatic precipitator, ESP 44 44

The yield of liquid product is approximately 45% Liquid product yields The yield of liquid product is approximately 45%

Liquid product yields The yield of liquid product is approximately 45% on the recent production. Approximately 15 L of total liquid products were collected from the condensers, paraffin scrubber and ESP.

Bio-oil VS Heavy Fuel oil Source :

ธเนศ อุทิศธรรม Thanes Utistham 081 6967697 thanes@tistr.or.th

Technology Strength VS Market Attractiveness of Pyrolyzers