Isolation Techniques

1. Isolation precautions are required for certain infected patients to prevent the spread of disease to other patients, staff, and visitors. 2. Isolation precautions are used to isolate the infection, not the patient.

Types of Isolation: Strict isolation. Strict isolation. Contact isolation. Contact isolation. Respiratory isolation Respiratory isolation Tuberculosis or acid-fast bacillus (AFB) isolation. Tuberculosis or acid-fast bacillus (AFB) isolation. Enteric precautions Enteric precautions Drainage/secretion precautions Drainage/secretion precautions

1. Strict Isolation Designed for highly contagious infections that are spread by both airborne droplet nuclei and contact transmission. Designed for highly contagious infections that are spread by both airborne droplet nuclei and contact transmission. Examples include: Examples include: varicella, varicella, Disseminated herpes zoster, Disseminated herpes zoster, Viral hemorrhagic fevers. Viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Technique Private room. Private room. With negative airflow. With negative airflow. The use of masks, gowns, and gloves for all persons entering the room. The use of masks, gowns, and gloves for all persons entering the room.

2. Contact isolation designed for highly transmissible infections that are not spread by airborne droplet nuclei but are transmitted primarily by close and direct contact. designed for highly transmissible infections that are not spread by airborne droplet nuclei but are transmitted primarily by close and direct contact. Examples Examples viral respiratory infections in children, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) viral respiratory infections in children, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Patients with large draining wounds require contact precautions. Patients with large draining wounds require contact precautions.

Technique Technique includes : Technique includes : Private room, Private room, Masks for those personnel providing close direct care to the patient, Masks for those personnel providing close direct care to the patient, Gowns if soiling is likely, Gowns if soiling is likely, Gloves for touching infective material. Gloves for touching infective material.

3.Respiratory Isolation designed to prevent transmission of diseases spread over short distances through the air (droplet transmission). designed to prevent transmission of diseases spread over short distances through the air (droplet transmission). Examples include : children with Haemophilus influenza, children with Haemophilus influenza, epiglottitis, epiglottitis, meningitis, meningitis, pneumonia. pneumonia. patients with serious meningococcal disease; patients with serious meningococcal disease; mumps and pertussis. mumps and pertussis.

Technique Technique includes. Technique includes. Private room. Private room. Or cohering patients with the same organism. Or cohering patients with the same organism. And masks for those personnel providing close direct care to the patient. And masks for those personnel providing close direct care to the patient.

4. Tuberculosis or Acid-fast Bacillus (AFB) isolation — designed for patients suspected or known to have pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis. isolation — designed for patients suspected or known to have pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis. technique includes a private room with negative airflow technique includes a private room with negative airflow and the use of appropriate respiratory protection (see tuberculosis). and the use of appropriate respiratory protection (see tuberculosis).

5. Enteric precautions designed to prevent infections that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact with fecal material, designed to prevent infections that are transmitted by direct or indirect contact with fecal material, such as Salmonella gastroenteritis. such as Salmonella gastroenteritis.

Technique private room only if the patient has poor hygiene and is likely to contaminate the environment, private room only if the patient has poor hygiene and is likely to contaminate the environment, gowns if soiling is likely, gowns if soiling is likely, and gloves for touching infective material. and gloves for touching infective material.

6. Drainage/secretion precautions designed to prevent infections transmitted by direct or indirect contact with purulent material or other drainage from an infected body site. designed to prevent infections transmitted by direct or indirect contact with purulent material or other drainage from an infected body site. Technique includes : Technique includes : gowns if soiling is likely gowns if soiling is likely and gloves for touching infective material. and gloves for touching infective material.