Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 1 Health and Fitness Trends

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 2 hWHO definition of health hWellness hHealth behavior hHealth promotion Health Definitions

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 3 Social Health Mental Health Physical Health Fig 1.1 Dimensions of Health

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 4 HealthDeath High-risk behavior Smoking, high-fat, low-fiber diet; inactivity; high stress, alcohol-drug abuse; reckless driving; unsafe sex Early disease CHD, cancer, stroke, accidents, diabetes, AIDS, obesity, HBP, alcoholism, cirrhosis, osteoporosis Physical, mental, spiritual well- being; positive lifestyle habits Fig 1.2 The Health Continuum

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 5  1979, Healthy People  1980, Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation.  Healthy People 2000  Healthy People The Healthy People Initiative

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 6 Figure 1.3

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 7 Figure 1.3

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 8 The Central Goals of Healthy People 2010 hIncrease quality and years of healthy life. hA full range of function from infancy to old age hIncrease healthy years from 64 of 77 to 66. hEliminate health disparities. hgender hrace or ethnicity heducation or income hdisability hliving in rural localities hsexual orientation

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 9 Figure 1.4 Note: Individual behaviors and environmental factors are responsible for about 70 percent of all premature deaths in the U.S.

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 10 hThe Nation's progress in achieving the two goals of Healthy People 2010 will be monitored through 467 objectives in 28 focus areas. hFocus area 22, “physical activity and fitness,” has one primary goal: improve health, fitness and quality of life through daily physical activity Objectives

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 11

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 12 Surgeon General’s Report on Physical Activity and Health: 1996 The main message of the first Surgeon General’s report on physical activity and health was that “Americans can substantially improve their health and quality of life by including moderate amounts of physical activity in their daily lives.”

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 13 Exercise and Physical Fitness in America A brief historical review Current activity levels of American adults (Fig 1.7).

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 14 Youth Fitness Studies Youths are increasingly overweight

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 15 Guidelines for Promoting Lifelong Physical Activity Review guidelines for youth Review worksite issues Discuss strategies for increasing physical activity in America

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 16 The Wellness Revolution Hopeful Trends hLife expectancy up to 77, highest ever. hDeath rates for heart disease are declining. hCancer death rates decreased during the 1990s. hDiets are improving. hSmoking prevalence down to 23%. hAlcohol consumption falling. hDeath rates for the elderly are falling. hPrevalence of hypertension down to 26%. hPrevalence of high blood cholesterol to 17%

Nieman DC. Exercise Testing and Prescription: A Health-Related Approach. 6/e. Copyright ©2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. 17 The Wellness Revolution Health-Promotion Concerns hStress levels are high. hCancer deaths may rise above heart disease. hOverweight/obesity prevalence is high: 65%. hToo few Americans exercise regularly. hSmoking, hypertension, and high blood cholesterol are still major risk factors.