LogicandEvidence Scientific argument. Logic Reasoning –Deductive –Inductive.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Basics of Logical Argument Two Kinds of Argument The Deductive argument: true premises guarantee a true conclusion. e.g. All men are mortal. Socrates.

Advertisements

Rules of Inferences Section 1.5. Definitions Argument: is a sequence of propositions (premises) that end with a proposition called conclusion. Valid Argument:

Inductive Reasoning The role of argument forms in evaluating probabilities.

Debate. Inductive Reasoning When you start with a probable truth, and seek evidence to support it. Most scientific theories are inductive. Evidence is.

Analysis of Diagnostic Essay: The Deductive Argument English 102 Argumentation.

Inductive Reasoning The role of argument forms in evaluating probabilities.

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE. Assumptions  Nature is real, understandable, knowable through observation  Nature is orderly and uniform  Measurements yield.

Philosophy 251: Introduction to Philosophy Dr. Stephen H. Daniel Get a syllabus before or after class Get a textbook Locate your graduate instructor Ty.

Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Geometry 1.0 – Students demonstrate understanding by identifying and giving examples of inductive and deductive reasoning.

Building Logical Arguments. Critical Thinking Skills Understand and use principles of scientific investigation Apply rules of formal and informal logic.

Nature of Science Science Nature of Science Environmental Science Outline: Outline: Science As a Way of Knowing Science As a Way of Knowing  Scientific.

Debate. Inductive Reasoning When you start with a probable truth, and seek evidence to support it. Most scientific theories are inductive. Evidence is.

Critical Thinking: A User’s Manual Chapter 9 Evaluating Analogical Arguments.

RESEARCH IN EDUCATION Chapter I. Explanations about the Universe Power of the gods Religious authority Challenge to religious dogma Metacognition: Thinking.

Today’s Quote Use soft words and hard arguments English Proverb.

Responding Critically to Texts

Type of Rhetorical Appeals Logos, Ethos, and Pathos.

Logic in Everyday Life.

Reasoning and Critical Thinking Validity and Soundness 1.

Deductive Reasoning Chapter 2 Lesson 4.

Question of the Day!  We shared a lot of examples of illogical arguments!  But how do you make a LOGICAL argument? What does your argument need? What.

Ways of Knowing: Reason Reason. Cogito ergo sum Reasoning Deductive Inductive.

Chapter 3: Introduction to Logic. Logic Main goal: use logic to analyze arguments (claims) to see if they are valid or invalid. This is useful for math.

HOW TO CRITIQUE AN ARGUMENT

Theory of Knowledge Ms. Bauer

DEDUCTIVE VS. INDUCTIVE REASONING. Problem Solving Logic – The science of correct reasoning. Reasoning – The drawing of inferences or conclusions from.

Philosophical Method  Logic: A Calculus For Good Reason  Clarification, Not Obfuscation  Distinctions and Disambiguation  Examples and Counterexamples.

+ Critical Thinking and Writing 31 August, 2015 Objectives: identify common logical fallacies More practice anaylsing arguments, inductive/deductive, main.

Logic and Persuasion AGED 520V. Logic and Persuasion Why do scientists need to know logic and persuasion? Scientists are writers and must persuade their.

The construction of a formal argument

Deductive vs. Inductive Arguments

Critical Thinking, Reading and Writing Part 2 Ed McCorduck CPN 101—Academic Writing II on Computer SUNY Cortland

Chapter 14: Categorical Syllogisms. Elements of a Categorical Syllogism (pp ) Categorical syllogisms are deductive arguments. Categorical syllogisms.

Elements of Argument Logic vs. Rhetoric. Syllogism Major Premise: Advertising of things harmful to our health should be legally banned. Minor Premise:

 Induction is the process of drawing a general conclusion from incomplete evidence.  You consider evidence you have seen or heard to draw a conclusion.

The problem of induction

I think therefore I am - Rene Descartes. REASON (logic) It has been said that man is a rational animal. All my life I have been searching for evidence.

© 2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.1 Chapters1 & 2.

Introduction to Argument Chapter 2 (Pgs ) AP Language Demi Greiner | Arlyn Rodriguez Period 4.

1 Lesson 7: Arguments SOCI Thinking Critically about Social Issues Spring 2012.

OBJECTIVE (SWBAT): EVALUATE SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS Initial Activity: A new species of crab has been discovered on the Galapagos Islands. Here we have.

Induction vs. Deduction. Induction From a set of specific observation to a general conclusion. Uses no distinct form and conclusions are less definitive.

Do now Can you make sure that you have finished your Venn diagrams from last lesson. Can you name 5 famous mathematicians (including one that is still.

METHODS IN ANTHROPOLOGY SCIENCE AND INTERPRETATION.

Deductive vs. Inductive Arguments

Deductive reasoning.

Reasoning and Proof Unit 2.

Author’s Viewpoint and Strength of an Argument

Chapter 1: Good and Bad Reasoning

METHODS IN ANTHROPOLOGY

Deductive Arguments.

Disjunctive Syllogism

Chapter 9 Persuasion.

Chapter 1 Definition Theory Causality

Chapter 3 Philosophy: Questions and theories

PHI 103 Ash knowledge is divine-- snaptutorial.com.

Critical thinking 11th Meeting.

Logic and Critical Thinking as Basis of Scientific Method and rationality as well as Problem solving 13th Meeting.

Sec. 2.3: Apply Deductive Reasoning

Reasoning, Logic, and Position Statements

DEDUCTIVE vs. INDUCTIVE REASONING

Scientific Reasoning Forensic Science.

Logical Fallacies.

What’s the truth about the truth?

Tenets to Argumentation

BASIC SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS

SUMMARY Logic and Reasoning.

FCAT Science Standard Arianna Medina.

S.M.E.L.L. Method For argument analysis.

Presentation transcript:

LogicandEvidence Scientific argument

Logic Reasoning –Deductive –Inductive

Deductive Reasoning 2+ factual premises followed by 1 necessary conclusion –“Syllogism”: 2 premises, 1 conclusion –Categorical –Conditional –Disjunctive Validity vs. truth Types of arguments:

Inductive Reasoning Making a generalization based on several observed facts Inductive fallacies –Sample size too small –Unrepresentative sampling –“Slothful induction”

Evidence A valid deductive argument results in a true conclusion only if the premises are true. An inductive argument is only meaningful if reliable particular cases are presented.

Scientific argument LogicEvidence

Evaluating claims Foundation of core knowledge that is unlikely to change Often, we have to depend on premises that are based on a previous finding(s) Watch for hidden assumptions

References / further reading Derry, G.N Thinking straight: evidence, reason and critical evaluation. In: What science is and how it works, pp Princeton Univ. Press. Downes, S Stephen’s guide to the logical fallacies.