L-24 Revolutionary Situation 1895-1904 4. Liberation Movement.

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Presentation transcript:

L-24 Revolutionary Situation Liberation Movement

Themes 1.Paradigm: 1895: “no party, no idea, no base” 1904: “parties, ideologies, mass base” 2.“All-nation Liberation Movement”=all classes, all ethnic groups against autocracy 3.Liberationists/Revolutionaries: Profile 4.Liberals: moderates to radicals 5.Populists: rearmed, redefined 6.Marxists: uniting, dividing

A. Intelligentsia: Revolutionaries and Liberationists 1.Intelligentsia: spectrum 2.Growth 3.Democratization

Table 1 Number Arrested Per Annum PeriodAnnual Average of Revolutionaries Arrested

Table 2 Revolutionaries: Social Origins Estate Nobility3111 Clergy62 Merchants124 Townspeople2844 Peasants1937 Other42

Table 3 Revolutionaries: Education Education University3412 Secondary3313 Elementary1233 Literate1330 Illiterate712

Table 4 Revolutionaries: Occupation Occupation Student2610 White-collar1211 Civil servant62 Private sector117 Agriculture710 Worker1647 Trade4 Other209

B. Liberal “Society” 1.From “society” to “civil society” 2.Constituency: landowners and professionals 3.Zemtsy: moderate zemstvo movement 4.Union of Liberation

Liberal Leadership Ivan I. Petrunkevich Pavel N. Miliukov Petr B. Struve Sergei A. Muromtsev

Zemstvo Doctor (1900)

C. Neo-Populism: PSR 1.Populists of 1870s: mass base or terror? 2.Crisis of the 1890s 3.Refurbishing populism 4.PSR: mass base and terror

The Arrest of a Propagandist Repin, 1892

PSR Leaders Victor Chernov Boris Savinkov Grigorii A. Gershuni Evno Azef

D. Marxism 1.Foundations 2.Breakthrough, formation of RSDLP 3.Crisis of Russian Social Democracy 4.Schism: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks

Karl Marx in Russian Das Kapital (1872) Communist Manifesto (1882 )

First Wave of Russian Marxists Georgii V. Plekhanov Vera Zasulich Pavel B. Akselrod Aleksandr Potresov

St. Petersburg Union for the Liberation of Labor (1896)

Ulianov Family, 1879

Vladimir I. (Ulianov) Lenin

Lenin’s What Is To Be Done? The Most Painful Questions of Our Movement (1902)

Prominent Social Democrats Nadezhda Krupskaia Lev Trotsky Iulii Martov Iosif Stalin