Analysing the Saving Potentials and Defining the Targets

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Motivation for Energy Perforamnce Contracting – Public Sector  Climate Protection  Cost reduction  Equipment modernisation / Renovation  Pushing innovation / Beacon project  Development of the regional economy ... ?

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Savings Potential and Target Setting - overview Data Collection Analysing the potential Need for Investment Building Selection Decision for contracting Target SettingImplementation

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Main data categories:  Energy consumptions and costs for electricity, heat/fuels etc.  Water consumptions and costs (drinking water, sewage)  Using data (operating hours, numbers of pupils etc.)  Description of the sites/buildings (heated areas, main energy consumers, service meters, comfort standards,....) Data collection and potential analysis are precondition for verification of baseline costs and definition of targets for improvement energy efficiency / saving of costs Energy consumption, metering and monitoring

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Data Collection Analysing the potential Need for Investment Building Selection Decision for contracting Target SettingImplementation

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Specifically interesting buildings for performance contracting : Administrative /Office buildings Schools, Kindergarten, Universities Hospitals, Nursing homes Cultural Centres, Libraries Sports Facilities (esp. Swimming pools) Criteria for selection of buildings Above average energy consumption + costs Long term user concept (for next 10 years) Clear ownership structure

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Data Collection Analysing the potential Need for Investment Building Selection Decision for contracting Target SettingImplementation

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Steps 1.Data collection a.Energy costs or energy consumption b.Reference values, e.g. floor space, number of persons c.Known weak spots 2.Calculation of efficiency indicators 3.Comparison with benchmark => Estimate of saving potentials

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH  Schools: Heating consumption  Example: kWh/m2/a, kWh/student/a.  Attention: differences in area definition: gross or net area used  Office: Electricity consumption  Example: kWh/m2, kWh/work place  Hospitals: Water Consumption  Liters/bed and day Indicators

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Benchmarking Water consumption indicators, German public buildings 1993 (VDI 3807, Part 3) Type of utilisationm 3 /m 2 main occup. area Guide valuem 3 /person and year Administration buildings0,540,505,8 Police station buildings0,460,405 General sports buildings2,552,60 Communal centres/dwellgs.2,432 Build. for cultural purposes0,440,40 Prisons3,282,80 Technical universities0,960,60

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Water consumption indicators, German public buildings 1996 (VDI 3807, Part 3 and ages) Type of utilisationSize (beds)Average value (l/bed per day) Guide value Hospitals, basic supply Hospitals, controlled supply Hospitals, central supply Hospitals, maximum supply HospitalsOver Schools6 – 10 l/pupil Kindergartens11 – 14 l/user Benchmarking

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Table for indication of hot water consumption per occupant or person in common types of buildings: Type of buildingConsumption per occupant (l/d) Peak demand per occupant (l/hr) Storage per occupant (l) Factories (no process) Hospitals general Hostels Houses and flats Offices2295 Schools (with boarding) Schools1595 Benchmarking

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Municipal water use by sectors (example Berlin ): Inhabitants (million) / year 3,47 / 19923,46 / 19963,33 / 20003,39 / 2003 Total consumption (million m 3 ) 270, ,6214,4 Domestic consumption (million m 3 ) 174, ,9157,2 Domestic consumption per person and day (l/d per pers.) Benchmarking

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Examples with energy indicators of public buildings in Austria and Switzerland: Benchmarking

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Following table shows examples with energy indicators of public buildings in Germany (Standard VDI 3807): Benchmarking

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Uncertainties of the method Missing or not enough energy consumption data for estimation of real energy indicators (also if there are only lump-sum invoices for energy consumption) Too short periods under consideration / measuring periods Weather influence Occupancy level average values of the ascertained energy indicators are sometimes only insignificantly higher than the desired values to be aimed at during / after renovation (there can be extremely high differences even in buildings within the same category or from the same building period) There are no (not enough...) standard energy efficiency indicators for the building category (country specific indicators) Benchmarking

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Typical energy saving potentials for different types of measures

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Example: Office Buildings Energy use has risen in recent years because of growth in information technology, air-conditioning, intensity of use Energy use benchmarks reflect these trends, they can show the saving potential Examples for four generic office building types in the frame of a British Energy consumption guide (best practice programme):  No 1: naturally ventilated cellular (typical size 100 – 3000 m2)  No 2: naturally ventilated open-plan (typical size 500 – 4000 m2)  No 3: air-conditioned, standard (typical size 2000 – 8000 m2)  No 4: air-conditioned, prestige (typical size 4000 – m2) Energy Efficiency in Public buildings

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Benchmarks for British office buildings (kWh/m 2 treated floor area) No 1 Good Prac-tice No 1 typical No 2 Prac-tice No 2 typical No 3 Prac-tice No 3 typical No 4 Prac-tice No 4 typical Compu- ter room Total gas or oil Total electri- city Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Consumption areas Ventilation and climatisation  Other building specific facilities  lighting  Information and communication  miscellaneous  Potential special consumers Proportion of the several consumption areas on total electricity consumption depends on the level of mechanisation of the building Electricity consumption in office buildings

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Proportion of the electricty consumption for Information and communication on total electricity in German office buildings (in kWh/a)

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Possible saving measures (consumption field lighting) without investment:  User motivation (user shall turn out the light when leaving the room)  Verification of lighting load (i.e. in rooms without intensive utilisation) with investment:  Utilisation of lighting control system (i.e. motion detector, light control subject to daylight)  Changing of old T8-fluorescent lamps against modern T5-lamps with electronic ballast  Utilisation of daylight (i.e. using of light control systems)  Utilisation of energy saving bulbs ...

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Data Collection Analysing the potential Need for Investment Building Selection Decision for contracting Target Setting Implementation

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Energy saving guarantee: low…..high Public budget consolidation low…..high Contract duration short…..long Investment costs low…..high Investment structure modernisation…..redevelopment Energy-Controlling unimportant…..important Maintenance unimportant…..important User motivation unimportant…..important Observation of comfort levels unimportant…..important Documentation unimportant…..important Reflecting system requirememts

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH System requirements for Pool 10, TFH Technical College Berlin Buildings: 5 buildings of the Technical College Baseline Costs : 2 Mio.Euro, net (heat and electricity) Maximum contract duration: 10 years Energy Savings to be achieved: 30% (average all buildings) Level of budget consolidation: 6% of baseline costs Energy-Controlling yes Maintenance: for installed equipment Example

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Buildings: 37 (schools, kindergartens, administration buildings) Gross floor area: m 2 Baseline consumption: MWh/a Baseline Costs: €/a Specific energy consumption [kWh/m²  a]: Example Energy Saving Partnership Berlin: Pool 3

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Buildings: 1 Indoor swimming pool Pool surface: m 2 Baseline consumption: MWh/a Heat, MWh/a electricity, m 3 /a Water Baseline Costs: €/a Specific energy and water consumption [kWh/m²  a] or [m 3 /m²  a]: Example Olympic Swimming Hall Munich

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Example Olympic Swimming Hall Munich

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Buildings: hospital complex with 307 beds gross floor area: m 2 Baseline consumption: MWh/a Heat, MWh/a electricity Baseline Costs: €/a Specific energy consumption [kWh/bed*a]: Example Hospital Hubertus Berlin

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH Example Hospital Hubertus Berlin