Chapter 25 Sections 3 & 4 The Cold War at home and the Space Race

Cold War Fears The Cold War sparked new fears of communism at home. House ofUn- American Activities CommitteeLeading the fight was the House of Un- American Activities Committee. Established in 1938 to investigate fascist groups in the U.S.

The Hollywood Ten This was a group of California film directors who were accused of having communist views. They were blacklisted from the film industry and their careers were destroyed.

The Search for Spies Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Accused and sentenced to death for for giving away atomic secrets.

McCarthyism Claimed communist groups throughout the U.S. were plotting to overthrow the government.

Nuclear Anxiety In 1950 the U.S. scientists began working on the Hydrogen bomb. They claimed this would be 1000 times more powerful than the Atom bomb. Americans feared a nuclear war with the USSR. Americans began building “fall-out” shelters in their backyards.

The Sound Barrier On October 14 th, 1947 U.S. air force test pilot Chuck Yeager breaks the sound barrier. He reaches a speed of over 750 miles an hour. –AKA- Mach 1. A sonic boom is echoed through the sky.

The Space Race Begins In October of 1957, the Soviet Union launches Sputnik into orbit. This was the 1 st artificial satellite.

Explorer I The U.S. was behind the USSR in this “Space Race”. Explorer I was the U.S. satellite.

NASA The U.S. were looking for men with the “right stuff” to become astronauts. Test pilots from the U.S. armed forces were chosen.

The Mercury Program 53 test pilots were selected to go through a series of tests to become astronauts. 7 were chosen. This was NASA’s 1 st space program known as Project Mercury. These were single manned missions.

1st Man in Space Russian Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin.

1 st American in Space Allan Shepard. Completed a 15 minute sub-orbital flight.

The Gemini Program In 1962 NASA begins its race to the moon. 15 more test pilots are chosen. Project Gemini begins. This was a 2 manned space flight.

The Apollo Program This began in This was a 3 manned mission. In July of 1969, man walked on the moon! Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin were the 1 st. Mercury Astronauts Allan Shepard, Gus Grissom, and Wally Schirra were Apollo Astronauts.