Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 1 Warm-Up January 8, 2015 Personal Experience: Think of a time when you have paid with cash for a product and the clerk checked for counterfeiting. What did she or he do to validate your money?

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Objective SWBAT evaluate alterations, erasures, and obliterations. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 3

Agenda 1. Document Fraud 2. Check Forgery 3. Counterfeit Money 4. Bank Fraud 5. Charred & Indented Evidence 6. Exit Slip Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 4

Copyright © 2013 Crosscutting Concepts, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Lab 1 Follow the procedures on Signature Analysis Fill out the TWO data sheets Answer the following on a separate sheet of paper: 1.Were any of Louise Mondelo’s signatures on the receipts similar to John Gretzky’s? Which? 2.Did John Gretzky forge Louise’s name? Explain your reasoning. 3.What additional information/evidence would be useful in your investigation?

Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 6 Forgery and Fraudulence What is forgery? – a process used by criminals to _______, _______, or ________ a person’s signature or another aspect of a document with the intent to deceive another. What is fraudulence? – When material _____ accompanies forgery it is known as fraudulence. Discuss with your neighbor: compare and contrast these two terms. Provide an example of each. makealter falsify gain

Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 7 ? A sample of a forged doctors note, not all forgeries are for material gain (fraudulence).

Fraudulence Case Study: M. Coneely Martin Coneely was a fraudulent forger of ____ __ _______signature in the early 1900’s. Ultimately he was arrested and spent time in prison. His forgeries are collector’s items today. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 8 Abraham Lincoln’s

Fraudulence Case Study: M. Coneely Coneely’s forgery is on top. Lincoln’s signature is below. Using your handwriting analysis skills identify characteristics that separate these two signatures. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 9

Check Forgery and Fraudulence Americans write 70 _____ checks each year. $27 million in illegitimate checks are cashed each ______! Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter billion DAY

Check Forgery and Fraudulence Criminals can alter or acquire checks in several ways – Ordering someone else’s checks from a deposit slip – Directly altering a check – Intercepting someone’s check, altering it, and cashing it – Creating forged checks from scratch Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 11

Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter Washed Check Original Check

Preventing Check Forgery What are some ways check forgery can be prevented? Print checks on chemically sensitive paper Use a larger font size that requires more ink and makes alterations more difficult Use high resolution borders on the checks that are difficult to copy Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 13

Preventing Check Forgery Print checks in multiple color patterns Embed fibers in checks that glow under different types of light Use chemical- wash detection systems that change color when a check is altered. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 14

Literary Forgery Forgery of a piece of writing, such as a historic letter or manuscript – Forgers try to duplicate the original materials like paper and ink. – Can you think of ways that they could do this? Using old books for paper Mixing their own inks Chemically aging paper and ink Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 15

Counterfeiting What is counterfeiting? – When false documents are created or other items copied for the purpose of deception What are items that can be counterfeited? – Travelers checks, certain bonds, currency, coins, food stamps, postage stamps, paper money, passports, driver’s licenses, social security cards, birth certificates, etc. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 16

Counterfeiting Facts Counterfeiting money is one of the oldest crimes. Counterfeiting in the U.S. is a federal felony punishable with up to 15 years in prison. The U.S. secret service is the federal agency in charge of investigating counterfeit U.S. currency. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 17

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Counterfeiting Currency: Interesting Facts U.S. law enforcement agencies forecast that companies lose approximately $400 billion to $450 billion annually to counterfeiters. In 2004, a woman tried to buy more than $1,000 worth of items at Wal-Mart using a fake $1 million bill. The U.S. treasury does not make a $1 million bill so she was sent to jail. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 19

Counterfeiting Currency In the past counterfeiting currency was easier with a good scanner and colored printer. Now it is more difficult to counterfeit bills. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 20

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Detecting Counterfeit Bills Counterfeiting pens use iodine to detect the starch in counterfeit paper bills There are other criteria for judging counterfeit U.S. bills There is a push to eventually go to polymer money (plastic) which is more difficult to counterfeit and cheaper to print. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 22

Features Found in Real Currency There are very specific features that all currency possesses in order to reduce counterfeiting and check for the authentication of bills Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 23

1. _____________ that is part of the paper itself and visible from both sides when the note is held up to a light. On the $10, $20 and $50 notes it is a faint image of the larger portrait. The $5 note features two watermarks. What are they? 24 Watermark

2. ________ _____ embedded in the paper that runs vertically (in a unique position on each denomination) and glows when exposed to ultraviolet light in a dark environment. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter Security Thread

3. _____-______ ____ in the numeral on the lower right corner of the note front. The color changes from copper to green when the note is tilted. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter Color Shifting Ink

4. Intaglio “______” _______ gives the surface of the note a slightly raised feel, while the reverse feels slightly indented. This is typically used on the portrait, numerals and engravings. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter raised printing

5. __________ is very small text that is hard to duplicate due to its size. For example, the $5 note features microprinting on the face of the note in three areas: – The words “______ _______” can be found repeated inside the left and right borders of the note. – The words “_ ________ ______” (meaning “out of many, one”) appear at the top of the shield within the Great Seal. – The word “____” is repeated in between the columns of the shield. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter microprinting FIVE DOLLARS E PLURIBUS UNUM USA

6. Concentric, _______ _______is found on most notes in the background of the portrait and on the back of the note. Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter Fine-Line Printing

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$100 Bill my-bill.html my-bill.html Read the article and write a summary Located on Google Classroom or the wiki page Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 31

Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter Summary Summary Reformed master forger Frank Abagnale said that “The best way to deal with fraud is to prevent it from happening in the first place.” Using your notes and what you learned today explain what he meant and how you can follow his advice.

Frank Abagnale – The infamous security consultant from Catch Me if You Can – Interview with Frank k+fraud&sc=8-10&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=0FF1F12D9D2E659D65F80FF1F12D9D2E659D65F8 k+fraud&sc=8-10&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=0FF1F12D9D2E659D65F80FF1F12D9D2E659D65F8 – Common methods of bank fraud k+fraud&sc=8-10&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=0FF1F12D9D2E659D65F80FF1F12D9D2E659D65F8 k+fraud&sc=8-10&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=0FF1F12D9D2E659D65F80FF1F12D9D2E659D65F8 – Small businesses most at risk &pq=frank+abagnale+check&sc=2-20&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=9167B35C1FDF8757F95F9167B35C1FDF8757F95F &pq=frank+abagnale+check&sc=2-20&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=9167B35C1FDF8757F95F9167B35C1FDF8757F95F – Supercheck &pq=frank+abagnale+check&sc=2-20&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=D3A85C8A80EA818FB808D3A85C8A80EA818FB808 &pq=frank+abagnale+check&sc=2-20&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=D3A85C8A80EA818FB808D3A85C8A80EA818FB808 – Common Methods of Bank Fraud &pq=frank+abagnale+check&sc=2-20&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C AB87A5AE7681C AB87A5AE &pq=frank+abagnale+check&sc=2-20&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=C AB87A5AE7681C AB87A5AE7681 Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 33

The Write Stuff six.pdf six.pdf Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 34

Ways to Reveal Indented Handwriting ed+writing&go=&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=ind ented+writing&sc=8-9&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ED4FC11BF77800 EC3A5CED4FC11BF77800EC3A5C ed+writing&go=&qs=n&form=QBVR&pq=ind ented+writing&sc=8-9&sp=- 1&sk=#view=detail&mid=ED4FC11BF77800 EC3A5CED4FC11BF77800EC3A5C Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 35

Exit Slip January 8, 2015 Go to m.socrative.com and enter Question: How are forgery and fraudulence related? Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 10 36