Warm up #10 1. In what present day country did the religion of Islam form? SAUDI ARABIA Who is the founder of Islam? MUHAMMAD What is the religious celebration which includes fasting for people of the Islamic faith RAMADAN

Rise of Islam

Muhammad Born in Mecca He was troubled by all the greed At 40, heard a voice to become a messenger of God. His wife encouraged him to do so and became his convert to Islam “to submit to God” People of Mecca were angered and Muhammad out of fear traveled to Medina in 622 This journey is called the Hijra People of Medina converted to Islam and war broke out between Mecca and Median Muhammad won, united all Arabs under Islam, but soon died in 632 Muhammad http://atheism.about.com/od/prophetmuhammadofislam/ig/Muhammad-Drawings-Pictures/Muhammad-Teaching-About-Islam.htm

Teachings of Islam Quran—Holy Book Duties of Islam called the Five Pillars of Islam Shahada – Declaration of faith 2. Prayer- At least 5 times/day 3. Zakah- Charity to the poor 4. Sawm- Fasting during Ramadan 5. Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca

Islam Rituals Jihad- Struggle in God’s service Personal duty for Muslims Sometimes interpreted as a Holy War Sharia- Body of laws which interpret the Quran Mosque- Holy building Minaret- “lighthouse” provides focal point for prayer Dubai-minaret http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/fertile%20crescent.jpghttp://www.harrys-stuff.com/arab-gulf-dubai/dubai-images/dubai-minaret.jpg

Early Challenges Muhmmad dies in 632 CE Who’s next???? Abu Bakr—Muhammad’s father-in-law becomes the Caliph—successor to Muhammad The first 4 Caliphs expanded Muslim territory Conquered Persians Byzantines

Schism in Islam Factions of Islam Abu Bakr dies in 634 CE Ali, the 4th Caliph, Muhammad’s son-in-law, is assassinated in 661CE Two factions emerge Shiites Believed that Ali and all successors should be descendants from Muhammad Sunnis Believe the successor should be a pious male from Muhammad’s tribe Schism in Islam http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/abuBakr.html http://moneyjihad.wordpress.com/2012/07/03/abu-bakr-a-taxing-companion/

Warm up 11 Which Asian groups will adopt the religion of Islam? 2. What is this building and why was it built?

Umayyads Sunni Dynasty forms Umayyads rule the Muslim world from 661-750 CE Expansion of Islam North Africa Persia Conquered Spain Tried to conquer France, but lost at Battle of Tours Capital was Damascus Conquered territories Religious tolerance Special tax for non-Muslims Prohibited looting and burning of cities

Abbasids Shiite Dynasty Abbasids conquered the Umayyads Moved the capital to Baghdad Ended military campaigns Ended discrimination against non-Muslims

Foreign Invaders Abbasids start to weaken in 850 CE Smaller dynasties started to arise Foreign invaders Seljuk Turks Adopted Islam as religion 1050 controlled Baghdad Fought the Crusades of Pope Urban II Mongolians 1258 looted Baghdad and killed the last Abbasid caliph Tamerlane, Mongolian leader invaded Russia, India and SW Asia

Muslims in India http://www.awildorchid.com/ind01096.JPG

Advancing into India Muslim advances into India Arab armies first arrived in 711 and conquered the Indus Valley In 1000 Muslim Turks push farther into India and battle the Hindu for control The Delhi Sultanate was created Delhi was the capital Ruled Northern India 1206- 1526 Sikhism—religion which blended Hinduism and Islam Founded by Nanak Would organize into an army called the Sikhs http://www.storyofpakistan.com/images/p0206010101.jpg

The Delhi Sultanate Influence by the Persian Empire art and architecture Increase trade between India and Muslim world Foreign invaders led to the downfall of the Sultanate The Turk, Tamerlane, invaded in 1398. Enslaved thousands of Indians. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/history/pictures/tamerlane.gif The Sultanate finally broke into smaller Hindu and Muslims states. http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/tamerlane1400.GIF

Mughal India Mongols and Turks invade 1526 finally conquer Delhi Sultanate New Muslim Dynasty Forms Babur, self-claimed descendent of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane establishes the Mughal Dynasty http://www.indiasite.com/gifs/babur1.jpg http://newton.uor.edu/FacultyFolder/rebecca_brown/old/arth100/empire/Mughals/mughmap.gif

Mughal India The Mughal Dynasty Ruled India 1526 to 1857. The height of the empire was led by Babur’s grandson, Akbar Economic problems and revolts ended the Maghul reign in 1857. Taj Mahal was built as a tomb for the wife of a Caliph during the Mughal Dynasty http://www.boloji.com/history/011.jpg

Ottoman Empire Mehmet II, captured Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul, in 1453 The Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire 1520-1566 under the sultan, or ruler Suleiman “the Magnificent” Ottoman Empire Declines Suleiman dies in 1566 By 1700’s European advances in military technology and commerce leave the Ottomans behind http://www.npr.org/news/specials/mideast/the_west/ottoman-17century.jpg http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/0005c/0005c05d.jpg

Safavid Empire Safavid Empire Located in present day Iran, between the Ottomans and Mughal. Frequent wars with the Ottomans, who were Sunnis, while the Safavids were Shiites Shah (King) Abbas the Great, revived the glory of the Persian Empire The empire faded when Shah Abbas died. The Qajars Family ruled it until 1925. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer _and_engraver.jpg/250px-Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_ Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer_and_engraver.jpg http://dcr.csusb.edu/dny/map8.jpg

Warm up 12 1. What are the two main factions of Islam? What is the holy buildings and text of Islam called? What was the first Muslim Empire in India? Who ruled the Ottoman Empire during their Golden Age? Who first ruled the Mughal Empire and who led it during its height? Shiites and Sunnis Mosque and Quran Delhi Sultanate Suleiman the Magnificant Babur and Akbar