Harvesting Information to Sustain our Forests: Creating an Adaptive Management Portal NSF DIGITAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAM Tim Tolle & Lois Delcambre Co-Project Directors

Overview  Government partners & project structure  Project plan and initial progress  “Digital Duct Tape” Research  Results to date  Role in our Digital Government project  Role in our Digital Library project

Project focuses on the: Adaptive Management Areas USDA Forest Service USDA Forest Service USDI Bureau of Land Management USDI Fish and Wildlife Service

History  Eric Landis – vision of access to forest information through a portal  Craig Palmer – NSF Digital Government Program Announcement  Oregon Graduate Institute –computer science expertise and marketing – lead institution for Digital Government Proposal

Adaptive Management Portal: a value-added, Internet-based service Adaptive Management Portal: a value-added, Internet-based service  Provide multiple access paths to forest information.  Preserve local autonomy and local focus of each site.  Support diverse users and types of information.  Use proposed, existing, and de facto standards for content, classification, and technology.  Be low-cost, scalable, extensible.

Project Funding  Duration: 3 years  Budget: $1.5 million  Principal financial sponsors  National Science Foundation  Bureau of Land Management (Oregon State Office)  Forest Service (R-6 and PNW Station)  National Park Service (Western Region)

Project Participants  Adaptive Management Areas (FS, BLM, FWS field units)  Oregon Graduate Institute (CSE, ESE, MST departments)  University of Nevada, Las Vegas (Natural Resources Monitoring)  Forest Service (Northwest Region – Strategic Planning and Information Management departments)  Rainier National Park

Team Members Tim Tolle Regional Coordinator for AMA, US Forest Service Eric Landis Forest Information System Specialist, Consultant Craig Palmer Natural Resources Monitoring Expert, UNLV Fred Phillips Professor, Head, Mgt. of Science and Tech., OGI Patty Toccalino Asst. Prof., Environmental Science and Eng., OGI Lois Delcambre Professor, Computer Science and Eng., OGI David Maier Professor, Computer Science and Eng., OGI Shawn Bowers PhD Student, Computer Science and Eng., OGI Mat Weaver PhD Student, Computer Science and Eng., OGI Forest/environmental expertise Computer science expertise

Staff Scientist, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Mark Whiting Science Advisor, USDI, National Park Service Regina Rochefort Communications Director, USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station Cynthia L. Miner Chief, Office of Technical Support, Forest Resources, USDI Fish and Wildlife Service Monty Knudsen Executive Director, IMFN Secretariat Fred Johnson MD, Asst. Professor, Division of Medical Informatics and Outcomes Research, OHSU Paul Gorman Sustainable Northwest Martin Goebel USDA Forest Service, Pacific NW Region Robert Devlin President, IUFRO, Oxford Forestry Institute, Dept of Plant Sciences Jeff Burley Co-Inventor of the Topic Map Model Michel Biezunski Advisory Board Forest/environmental expertise Computer science expertise

Overview  Government partners & structure  Project plan and initial progress  “Digital Duct Tape” Research  Results to date  Role in our Digital Government project  Role in our Digital Library project

Work Plan 4. Architect and scale the information portal technology 2. Articulate and evolve the requirements for the system 5. Experimentally deploy the technology at AMA sites 3.Conceptually develop the information portal technology Major influence Iterative influence 6. Evaluate the Project opportunities 1. Understand the customer requirements and

Task 1 – Status  Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Area, Cle Elum, WA (June and July)  Interviews with Forest Service Corvallis Forest Sciences Lab and USGS FRESC, Corvallis ( August)  Interviews with Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area, Eugene (August)  Interviews with the Applegate Partnership and its associated agencies (August)  Rainier National Park (planned for October)

Questions for Prospective Users  What kind of information would you want?  What kind of information will you provide?  What kind of “meta-information” is needed?  Which terminology do you use? Do you use special semantics?

Questions for Prospective Organizations  What should the collection policy be?  What training is needed? For whom?  What are the organization’s financial and funding capabilities?  Who does data management?  What expertise is available (including time)?  What resource equipment is required? Available?  Who are the customers? Why?

Overview  Government partners & structure  Project plan and initial progress  “Digital Duct Tape” Research  Results to date  Role in our Digital Government project  Role in our Digital Library project

The Research: Exploit “Digital Duct Tape” 1992 bird sightings at National Park 1995 migration patterns of two particular species (painstakingly identified species for bird sightings) study 2000 you need a survey of all species - for a biodiversity study the classification of the species of the bird sightings are gone!

Goal: Reuse Human Attention The original bird sightings Two species identified (pink & white)

Goal: Reuse Human Attention White bird sightings Pink bird sightings Other bird sightings

When you can’t modify the base data: Use superimposed information Two species identified (pink & white) pink birds white birds

Superimposed and base layers with marks SuperimposedLayer BaseLayer Information Source 1 Information Source 2 Information Source n … marks

Topic Map Example PaintingPainter by painter Influenced by “Captive” “Paul Klee” by painter influenced by “Francisco de Goya” “1914” by painter mentioned biographyreferenced referenced biographybiography critiqued critiqued mentioned

SLIMPad Demo

Superimposed Layer Information Manager (SLIM) Architecture: Contributions  SLIM API - for the application developer  TRIM store - for generic storage of superimposed information  Mark Management - to create/resolve marks

SLIM API

Model Schema Data Instance Data with Marks Information Source 1 Information Source 2 Superimposed Layer Base Layer marks Model-Based Superimposed Information But the model and schema are optional

Generic Representation of Information Topic Map Topic Map Defintion Topic Map Instances XML DTD XML Document Metamodel SuperimposedLayer Basic Set of Abstractions Model Constructs and Relationships Schema-LevelData Instance-LevelData

Representing Model using RDF (instanceOf, “TopicType”, Construct) (instanceOf, “TopicInstance”, Construct) (instanceOf, “ttypename”, Connector) (domain, “ttypename”, TopicType) (range, “ttypename”, String) (domainMult, “ttypename”, “*”) (rangeMult, “ttypename”, “1”) (instanceOf, “topic_instOf”, Conformance) (domain, “topic_instOf”, TopicInstance) (range, “topic_instOf”, TopicType) (domainMult, “topic_instOf”, “*”) (rangeMult, “topic_instOf”, “1”) TopicType ttypename : String TopicInstance * 1 > topic_instOf

(instanceOf, “painting_tt”, TopicType) (ttypename, “painting_tt”, “painting”) (instanceOf, “painter_tt”, TopicType) (ttypename, “painter_tt”, “painter”) (instanceOf, “byPainter_rt”, TopicRelType) (relType, “byPainter_rt”, “by painter”) (topicType1, “byPainter_rt”, painting_tt) (topicType2, “byPainter_rt”, painter_tt) (instanceOf, “biography_at”, AnchorType) (anchorRole, “biography_at”, “biography”) (topicType, “biography_at”, painter_tt) Representing Schema using RDF Topic Types (schema): painting, painter Topic Rel Types (schema): by painter Anchor Types (schema): biography paintingpainter by painter biography

Representing Instances using RDF (instanceOf, “painter1”, TopicInstance) (title, “painter1”, “Paul Klee”) (topicInsID, “painter1”, “5”) (topic_instOf, “painter1”, painter_tt) (instanceOf, “painting1”, TopicInstance) (title, “painting1”, “Captive”) (topicInsID, “painting1”, “19”) (topic_instOf, “painting1”, painting_tt) (instanceOf, “byPainter1”, TopicRelInst) (rel_instOf, “byPainter1”, byPainter_rt) (topicIns1, “byPainter1”, painting1) (topicIns2, “byPainter1”, painter1) (instanceOf, “biography1”, AnchorInst) (anchor_instOf, “biography1”, biography_at) (address, “biography1”, a1) (instanceOf, “a1”, Address) (markID, “a1”, Topic Instances (instance): Paul Klee, Captive Topic Relationship (instance): a by painter relationship Anchor (instance): a biography anchor Address (instance): mark to url

Three Basic Types of Mappings Model 1 Schema 1 Instances 1 SourceTarget Mapped Converted Converted Mapped Converted Mapped Converted Converted Inter-Model Inter-Schema Model-to- Schema Model 2 Schema 1 Instances 1 Model 1 Schema 1 Instances 1 Model 1 Schema 1 Instances 1 Instances 1 Model 1 Schema 2 Instances 1 Model 2 Schema 2 Instances 1

Overview  Government partners & structure  Project plan and initial progress  “Digital Duct Tape” Research  Results to date  Role in our Digital Government project  Role in our Digital Library project

Things we’ve learned from Task 1 NSF Digital Government  work is project-based  primary product is information: assessments, studies, surveys, environmental impact statements  multiple agencies are involved  each agency serves as information gatherer; information broker; information consumer  even though information is a primary product, information technology is secondary (stewardship of the land is the primary mission)

Overview  Government partners & structure  Project plan and initial progress  “Digital Duct Tape” Research  Results to date  Role in our Digital Government project  Role in our Digital Library project

Paul Gorman, MD Lois Delcambre, PhD David Maier, PhD

Bundles in the wild……….. Observational team: Paul Gorman Joan Ash Mary Lavelle Jason Lyman …………..Bundles in captivity Computer science team: Lois Delcambre Dave Maier Shawn Bowers Longxing Deng Mathew Weaver

(Wild) Bundles

 There is benefit in creating (active processing of information)  There is benefit in reusing (trigger memory)  There is benefit in sharing (establish collective, situated awareness)

Table 1. The XML model described in terms of the superimposed-information metamodel. The elements of the XML model (bottom) are instances of the corresponding Metamodel element definitions (top). Metamodel Elements ConstructsLexicalsConnectorsConformance Connectors XML Model Element Type Attribute Type Element Attribute Primitive Content Type Primitive Content Nested Element Type Connects Two Element Types Nested Element Connects Two Elements Element Content Connects an Element to Primitive Content Element Content Type Connects an Element Type to Prim. Content Type Element Attribute Connects an Element to an Attribute Attribute Element Type Connects an Element Type to an Attribute Type Element Instance Of Connects an Element to its Element Type Attribute Instance Of Connects an Attribute to its Attribute Type Content Instance Of Connects Prim. Content to its Primitive Content Type

A Notional View of AMA Portal Terminology- Based Access Relevant Information Highlighted (Base Info.) User- Supplied Annotation