Chemistry 112 Sections 4-6 Bill Vining 232 PSCI 436-2698

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Presentation transcript:

Chemistry 112 Sections 4-6 Bill Vining 232 PSCI

You should have had: General Chemistry I –Up through drawing Lewis Structures

General Chemistry I Basics of Atomic Structure Chemical Reactions and Equations Stoichiometry Solution Chemistry, mainly in water Thermochemistry Electronic Structure of Atoms Properties of Atoms Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding of p-Block Elements

General Chemistry II Molecular Structure Bonding Theories –Valence Bond Theory –Molecular Orbital Theory Properties of Gases Control of Chemical Reactions and Stability –Thermodynamics –Kinetics

General Chemistry II Special Types of Chemical Systems: –Organic –Equilibrium –Acid-Base –Dissolution –Complexation –Electrochemical

Business

Class Rules Syllabus Class Rules: –Be here every day –Be on time –Pick up handouts if late –No chatting, except when I say so –You are responsible –Be nice –Trust me

Business I Class meetings: –Lecture MWF here –Lab once a week in Physical Sciences Bldg. –Recitation once a week in Physical Sci. Bldg. NO LABS or RECITATIONS this week- they start Monday Class Rules- Syllabus (go over on Friday)

Business II Be here every single day Be here on time Don’t sit in back Don’t talk when I’m talking Don’t let me talk when you’re talking It’s ok to get up and wander Classroom Rules

Business III 3 Hour Exams OWL Homework Labs Grades

Business IV If I fail the lab, Recite After Me: I fail the course.

Mastery Learning Schematic Homework Question Correct Answer and Feedback Answer Mastery Credit Newly generated question correct incorrect

Mastery Learning Schematic Homework Question Correct Answer and Feedback Answer Mastery Credit Newly generated question correct incorrect Guided Tutorial Concept Simulation

Tutorial Help

Concept Simulations

Assignment Scheme I: A course has Assignments Course Assignment #1 Assignment #2Assignment #3

Assignment Scheme II: Assignments have Units Course Assignment #1 Assignment #2Assignment #3 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #1 Unit #2 Unit #1

Assignment Scheme III: Units have Questions Course Assignment #1 Assignment #2Assignment #3 Question #1 Question #2 Unit #1 Question #1 Question #2 Unit #2 Question #1 Question #2 Unit #1 Question #1 Unit #2 Question #1 Question #2 Question #3 Question #4 Question #5 Unit #1

Bonding When atoms stick together, that’s bonding. Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent:

Bonding When atoms stick together, that’s bonding. Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent: Ionic Polar Covalent Covalent Electrons Shared More Equally

Bonding When atoms stick together, that’s bonding. Bonding ranges from ionic to covalent: Ionic Polar Covalent Covalent metals+nonmetals different nonmetals similar nonmetals Electrons Shared More Equally

Why do Covalent Bonds Happen?

Electrons on one atom attracted to nucleus of other atom Nucleus on each atom repels other nucleus Electron on each atom repels other electron If new attractions > new repulsions, then a bond forms

How Covalent Bonds Happen Valence electrons are shared through overlapping orbitals

Covalent Bonding in p-Block Elements: Where are the Valence Electrons?

Described by Lewis Electron Dot Structures

Determining Molecular Geometry All depends on bond angles:

Determining Molecular Geometry All depends on bond angles:

Determining Molecular Geometry Valence Lewis Electron-Pair Molecular Electrons Structure Geometry Geometry

Electron-Pair Geometries Depend on Number of Electron Pairs around Central Atom

Help Needed Today –Lunch 12-12:50 –Lecture 3:30 – 4:15 Tomorrow –Lunch 12-12:50 –Lecture 3:30 – 4:15

Examples NH 3 CH 4 CH 2 O

1.Linear 2.Bent 109o 3.Trigonal planar 4.Trigonal pyramidal 5.Tetrahedral 6.Trigonal bipyramidal 7.See-saw 8.Square pyramidal 9.Octahedral

Molecular Polarity Are electrons in molecules evenly distributed? If so: nonpolar molecule If not: polar molecule

Determining Bond Polarity Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms

Determining Bond Polarity Compare electronegativities of bonded atoms H-F is: Li-F is: N-O is: O-O is: P-H is:

Determining Molecular Polarity Add up all bond polarities and see if they cancel

Polarity Examples

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