Financial Leverage and Capital Structure Policy

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Presentation transcript:

Financial Leverage and Capital Structure Policy 17 Financial Leverage and Capital Structure Policy

Chapter 17 – Index of Sample Problems Slide # 02 - 03 Break-even EBIT Slide # 04 - 11 Homemade leverage Slide # 12 - 13 M&M Proposition I, no tax Slide # 14 - 15 M&M Proposition II, no tax Slide # 16 - 21 M&M Proposition I with tax Slide # 22 - 27 M&M Proposition II with tax

2: Break-even EBIT You are considering two different capital structures. The first option consists of 20,000 shares of stock. The second option consists of 10,000 shares of stock plus $200,000 of debt with an interest rate of 8%. Ignore taxes. What is the break-even level of EBIT between these two options?

3: Break-even EBIT

4: Homemade leverage ABCO, Inc. has EBIT of $100,000. There are 50,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $20 a share. ABCO has just decided to issue $400,000 of debt at a rate of 8% to repurchase shares of stock. Fred owns 20,000 shares of ABCO stock. Fred wants to use homemade leverage to offset the leverage being assumed by ABCO. How many shares of ABCO stock must Fred sell to achieve his goal if he loans out the funds from the stock sale at 8% interest?

5: Homemade leverage No Debt Debt EBIT $100,000 $100,000 Interest 0 ? Net income $100,000 ? # of shares 50,000 ? EPS $2.00 ?

6: Homemade leverage

7: Homemade leverage No Debt Debt EBIT $100,000 $100,000 Interest 0 32,000 Net income $100,000 $ 68,000 # of shares 50,000 30,000 EPS $2.00 $2.2667

8: Homemade leverage Unlevered: 20,000 shares  $2.00 = $40,000

9: Homemade leverage Weights Stock: 30,000  $20 = $ 600,000 60% Debt: = $ 400,000 40% Total: $1,000,000 100%

10: Homemade leverage Investment = 20,000  $20 = $400,000 Stock: 60% of $400,000 = $240,000 $240,000  $20 = 12,000 shares Loan out: 40% of $400,000 = $160,000

11: Homemade leverage No company debt and no homemade leverage: 20,000 shares  $2.00 = $40,000 Homemade leverage used to offset firm leverage: Stock: 12,000  $2.2667 = $27,200 Loan: $400,000  .08 = $12,800 Total: $40,000

12: M&M Proposition I, no tax A debt-free firm currently has 400,000 shares of stock outstanding. The company is considering reducing the number of shares to 300,000. To do this, the firm will have to borrow $5 million at 8% interest. Ignoring taxes, what is the value of the firm?

13: M&M Proposition I, no tax

14: M&M Proposition II, no tax Walter’s Store has a debt/equity ratio of .60. The required return on assets is 12% and the pre-tax cost of debt is 8%. Ignore taxes. What is the cost of equity?

15: M&M Proposition II, no tax

16: M&M Proposition I with tax The Bigely Co. has $5,000 worth of debt outstanding that is selling at par. The coupon rate is 9% and the company tax rate is 34%. What is the amount of the annual tax shield? What is the present value of the tax shield?

17: M&M Proposition I with tax

18: M&M Proposition I with tax Dawn, Inc. has 150,000 shares of stock outstanding at a market price of $30 a share. The cost of equity is 10%. The company is considering adding $1.5 million of debt with a coupon rate of 7%. The debt will sell at par. The tax rate is 35%. What will the value of Dawn, Inc. be after they add the debt to their capital structure? What is the levered value of the equity?

19: M&M Proposition I with tax

20: M&M Proposition I with tax The Baker Co. has an unlevered cost of capital of 12% and a tax rate of 35%. The expected EBIT is $1,200. The company has $3,000 of debt which is selling at par. The coupon rate is 8%. What is the value of the firm?

21: M&M Proposition I with tax

22: M&M Proposition II with tax Charlie & Co. has $2,500 in bonds outstanding that are selling at par. The bonds have a 7% coupon rate and pay interest annually. The expected EBIT is $1,400 and the unlevered cost of capital is 10%. The tax rate is 35%. What is the cost of equity?

23: M&M Proposition II with tax

24: M&M Proposition II with tax

25: M&M Proposition II with tax

26: M&M Proposition II with tax Using the information from the last problem, you have debt of $2,500, equity of $7,475, VL of $9,975, RD of 7%, RE of 10.65% and a tax rate of 35%. What is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC)?

27: M&M Proposition II with tax

17 End of Chapter 17