THE ENLIGHTENMENT. AGE OF REASON & PROGRESS  Great skepticism toward tradition  Confidence in human reason & science  Idea of progress of civilization.

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Presentation transcript:

THE ENLIGHTENMENT

AGE OF REASON & PROGRESS  Great skepticism toward tradition  Confidence in human reason & science  Idea of progress of civilization  Secular worldview  Society should be grounded on rational foundations

THE ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHES  Those who critically analyzed any subject  Held variety of opinions, some contradictory  Shared general belief in reason, science, progress, civilization  Concerned with equality

THE ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHES  MONTESQUIEU ( )  Spirit of the Laws Separation & balance of powers Separation of functions of government Laws should not be arbitrary

THE ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHES  VOLTAIRE ( )  Promoted freedom of thought & religion  Advanced material & technological progress  Supported despotism if “enlightened”  Strong proponent of religious toleration  Presented secular view of history

THE ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHES  ROUSSEAU ( )  Early works Promoted idea of civilization as root of evil Championed feeling & impulse over reason  The Social Contract State of nature was brutish, lacked morality All members of community part of “General Will”

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