Primate characteristics. Primate characteristics and diversity Madagascar.

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Presentation transcript:

Primate characteristics

Primate characteristics and diversity Madagascar

Gigantopithecus Est. 1,000 lbs. Broad size range A bushbaby

Quadrupedal locomotion

A brachiator A gibbon

Flexible, generalized limb structure; e.g.: a vertical clinger and leaper A lemur

Centers of gravity and pelvis shape Bipedalism

Gibbons On a evolutionary branch separated from all other primates Relatively small ‘lesser’ apes lbs. 9 species SE Asia Facultative bipedalism

Chimpanzee: wrong pelvis for sustained bipedalism Facultative bipedalism

Prehensile hands (Opposable thumb) Retention of 5 digits

Nails instead of claws.

Tactile pads at ends of digits.

Diet and teeth 1. Lack of specialization. 2. Generalized dentition.

Orbit fully enclosed Postorbital bar Orbit completely open

Visual information from each eye to visual centers in both hemispheres of brain Color vision: evolutionary trend for diurnal activity. 3-D vision

Reduced reliance on information from odors

Decreased reliance on sense of smell.

Increase in size and complexity of brain.

Long gestation. Reduced numbers of offspring/pregnancy. Extended period of time to reach reproductive maturity Greater dependence on flexible, learned behaviors

Menstrual and estrus cycles)

Brain size

c. 55 mya Modern primates

Prosimians Primitive Southeast Asia, Africa, Indonesia, Madagascar Snout with moist, fleshy nose-pad Madagascan radiation: formerly 44 species of lemurs. Size range. Humans arrived c. 2,000 ybp Therefore, many species exterminated

Specialized features Aye-aye Madagascar

Lemurs Madagascar Lemurs: e.g., Ring-tailed--mostly terrestrial e.g., Sifakas--arboreal

Lorises Gabon, Central Africa Different niches

Tarsier SE Asia

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