 Powers of the Pres. alone?  Powers the Pres. shares with the Senate?  Powers the Pres. shares with Congress as a whole? Bellringer

2 Executive 1

Today we will... ObjectivesAgenda  List and describe the offices under the President. 1. Self-Grade FRQ HW 2. Slide/notes - Exec. Departments 3. Closure  HW - Executive & Bureaucracy Questions

 Each state chooses its own methods of selecting electors  538 Electoral Votes – 270 to win  If no candidate wins a majority (tied at 269), the House decides w/each state getting 1 vote  President and Vice President on the same ballot, encouraged political parties  12 th Amendment – electors select pres. & VP separately & tie breaker Electoral College

PresidentPrime Minister  Outsiders  Not always from majority in Congress  Executive can work at cross purposes with Congress  Leadership & Staff can not serve in Congress concurrently  Cabinet heads selected from outside Congress  Insiders  Always from majority in Legislature  Prime Minister will always have support from the Legislature  Leadership & Staff is chosen from ranks

 What does it mean to have a divided government?  Why do we still have gridlock, even with a unified government? Divided Government vs. Unified Government

Constitutional Review  Qualifications: Age; Birth; Residence  22 nd Amendment (2 Term/10 Yr. Max.)  Impeachment for “Treason, Bribery, or other High Crimes and Misdemeanors”  25 th Amendment ◦ Succession – death or resignation ◦ Pres. disability

EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT EOP 8

Bureaucracy of the President  VP  First Lady  White House Office & Staff  “The West Wing”  Executive Office  special advisory groups

The Executive Office  Agencies that report directly to the President  Top positions are appointed by Pres. & confirmed by Senate  Staffers may or may not have contact w/Pres.  ****Office of Management & Budget **** ◦ Assembles the budget ◦ Develops reorganization plans ◦ Reviews legislative proposals of agencies ◦ Has recently become more of a policy advocate

 Pyramid Structure ◦ Eisenhower, Nixon, Reagan, Bush + Orderly Flow - Isolating / Misinformation  Circular: “Spokes of the Wheel” ◦ Carter ◦ Cabinet & assistants report directly to Pres. + President get a good deal of info - Confusion & Conflict  Ad hoc ◦ Clinton ◦ Task forces, committees & informal advisors report directly to Pres. + Greater flexibility - Responsible government officials cut off Executive organization of staff

Check for understanding  Who do you think become White House staff? Why? 14

THE CABINET Executive Agencies 15

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The Cabinet (15 departments)  Chief executive = “Secretary”  Not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution  Presidential control over departments remains uncertain ◦ Secretaries become advocates for their departments ◦ Pres. doesn’t appoint people working in agencies ◦ Congress funds agencies, not exec.  Appointment process & acting apptmts. have increased legislative - executive tensions

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Check for understanding  Why do you think there is tension between WH staff and cabinet secretaries? 19

How Things Work 20

 Prior federal & private industry experience = expertise  Usually have their own political following  Pres. may reward friends & supporters w/ “acting appointments” ◦ Vacancies Act 1868: 120 days for Senate to take action  Appointments Appointments Cabinet Officials & Agency Heads

The President Program  Putting together a program ◦ Interest groups ◦ Aides and campaign advisors ◦ Federal bureaus and agencies ◦ Outside, academic, other specialists & experts ◦

 Is the President responsible to appoint a diverse cabinet in order to get a varying range of opinions, experiences, and viewpoints? Or should the President solely be focused on getting the best people in his cabinet? Both? Explain your opinion.  %E2%80%98all-white%E2%80%99-obama- cabinet-controversy-a-black-guy- %E2%80%98appears-to-be-running%E2%80%99- the-show/ %E2%80%98all-white%E2%80%99-obama- cabinet-controversy-a-black-guy- %E2%80%98appears-to-be-running%E2%80%99- the-show/Closure