Finding Time: An Examination of How Much Time Faculty of Color Spend on Work and Other Activities by Rank John A. Kuykendall Susan D. Johnson Thomas F. Nelson Laird Amanda Suniti Niskodé Ted N. Ingram Center for Postsecondary Research Indiana University Bloomington November 3, 2006

Background  Academic Ratchet (Massy & Zemsky, 1994)  Cultural Taxation (Padilla, 1994)  Faculty Responsibilities (Braxton & Berger, 1996)  Faculty Productivity (Dey et al., 1997)  Differences in Research Production (Antonio, 2002)

Purpose of Research  How do faculty of color spend their time differently than White faculty on instructional and non-instructional activities?  How does the pattern of racial differences vary by academic rank?

Method  2005 FSSE Data from 109 institutions (21% doctoral, 46% master’s, 25% baccalaureate) Lecturers/Instructors 2,295 White 124 African American 103 Hispanic 59 Asian Assistant Professors 2,631 White 160 African American 122 Hispanic 147 Asian  Standardized mean differences used to test effect of race by rank Associate Professors 2,348 White 99 African American 93 Hispanic 111 Asian Full Professors 2,529 White 71 African American 65 Hispanic 111 Asian

Faculty Activities  Commuting to and from work  Working from home  Administrative duties  Consulting  Teaching at another institution  Working for pay off campus (other than teaching or consulting)  Volunteering in your community  Providing care for dependents living with you (parents, children, etc.) Faculty were asked to estimate how many hours they spend in a typical 7-day week doing each of the following

RESULTS Administrative Duties Consulting Volunteering

Results  Administrative Duties  African American are spending more time with administrative duties than White faculty  Hispanic faculty are spending more time at the associate level than Whites at the associate level (w/controls)  Overall faculty of color are continuing to spend a significant amount of time with administrative duties than Whites

Results  Consulting  African American spend more time consulting than White counterparts across all ranks  Hispanic faculty spend more time consulting at the assistant level than Whites at the assistant level

Results  Volunteering  African American faculty spend more time than White faculty across ranks  Hispanic and Asian faculty are spending the about the same amount time as Whites

So what does this mean?  Faculty of color are working longer hours in several areas on the FSSE survey, namely administrative duties, volunteering, and consulting  Since research and scholarship are valued more highly in promotion and tenure, taking away time from research to other activities may adversely affect faculty careers  Still attempting to find out where faculty of color are spending less time with activities than Whites

For More Information   FSSE website:  NSSE website: Copies of papers and presentations, including this one, as well as annual reports and other information are available through the websites

Number of Hours

Administrative Duties

Consulting

Volunteering