Timeline Kathleen Graham Ashley Sintetas Sierra Gerry Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009

Howard Gardner Cognitive Psychologist Born in 1943 Most famous for Theory of Multiple Intelligences 1983 7 original intelligences Later added 2 additional intelligences Intelligences Reframed 1999 Also wrote 5 Minds for the Future in 2007 5 minds that teachers should help produce and students should refine

Theory of Multiple Intelligences 1983 Frames of Mind & 1999 Intelligence Reframed Breaks the idea that education is a single entity Not a learning style

5 Minds for the Future: how to create future leaders Intellectual Development: Disciplinary: master the major schools of thought; these require practice and work since the subjects aren’t natural to the human mind Synthesizing: students have to have the ability to sort the information out by importance Creative: think outside the box, ask and think about new problems and solutions Personal Character Respectful: absolute respect, not tolerance Ethics: metacognition; seeing one self ethically

Abraham Maslow Grew up in Brooklyn, New York 1908-1970 Founded humanistic psychology, which was focused on each individual potential and stressed the importance of self-growth and self-actualization. It was the belief that people are born good and that social and mental problems lead to deviations from good behavior. Hierarchy of needs Self Actualization and how to read it

Hierarchy of Needs Developed in 1943 Original 5 stage model of he believed motivates people to move forward and grow:

Founded the idea of self actualization and came up with 8 ways on how to achieve it and achieve balance in your life: Experience things fully, vividly and selflessly Choose between safety and risk to make you grow as a person Don’t be influenced by outside sources, think for yourself Be honest with yourself and take responsibility for choices and actions Stand up for your opinion even if it’s unpopular Use your full intelligence Learn what you are good at and use it to your full advantage Find your identity, strengths and things you enjoy and use they to your advantage

Lev Vygotsky 1896-1934 Work was banned from publishing in Russia (where he lived) and therefore was not published until after his death It was incomplete

Zone of Proximal Development (James, 2004) A person has a skill at which they can do at a certain level, can learn how to do that skill at a higher level with assistance, but there is a level at which they cannot reach at that time or without assistance. The level at which they learn with assistance is called the zone or proximal development; the assistance is often referred to as scaffolding. This is important to education because it applies to how people can advance their knowledge and learn new things.

Thought and Language (Close, 2010) Vygotsky theorized that language helps to develop thought; linked to zone of proximal development. A child asking a question and is answered quickly with a short,to-the-point answer will have the question answered probably to their satisfaction. However, if the child is answered with a question of what they think, and then the answer is based off their knowledge then the answer is based off their scaffolding and the questions (language) leads to knew knowledge and understanding (thought).

Cultural Impact on Learning (Scott & Palincsar, 2013) Vygotksy theorized that social lives and environments have more impact on a person’s learning than their genetics. People learn new things that are relevant or interesting to themselves and their lives. If information is seen as useless or uninteresting, it can be easily forgotten. Certain information is important in different cultures and social circles. Also, education may be more important to some but not others and this is probably an influence of families or peers.

POWERPOINT JEOPARDY 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30 40 40 40 Theories Psychologist Dig Deeper 10 10 10 20 20 20 30 30 30 40 40 40

The theory that changed the idea of intelligence as a single entity.

The theory that a person has a skill at a certain level and can do better with assistance or scaffolding.

I am what Maslow says motivates people to grow in their lives.

This stresses the importance of self-growth and self actualization.

My work was banned in Russia and was published after I died.

I created the hierarchy of needs as a way to show what motivates people in their lives.

I came up with 8 ways to achieve self-actualization in your life.

I created 7 intelligences in my Frames of Mind in 1983 then later added 2 more in Intelligence Reframed.

These are considered basic human needs.

According to Gardner, prior to working on personal character, you must first work on this set of minds.

According to Vygotksy, these 2 things impact a person’s learning more than their own genetics.

Vygotsky theorized that ______ helped develop thought.