Lecture 10: What is life? - Its Origins. Life’s machinery in a cell A bacterial cell: RNA molecules transcribe messages from DNA that are used to produce.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Chemical Evolution The molecules we know today are descended from the first molecules that formed life on Earth. The behavior of today's biological.

Advertisements

Biochemical evolution

Origin of Life on Earth.

Jeopardy Water/Atoms LipidsCarbsProteins Nucleic Acids Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Final Jeopardy.

Chapter 6.4: The Building Blocks of Life

Chemical Compounds in Cells

How? How do you know? NaturalDon’t KnowSupernatural Autonomous Don’t KnowExternal NaturalAutonomous SupernaturalExternal.

Lecture 8: What is life? - Life as a chemical system 1.Earth life - basic biochemistry 2.Metabolism 3.Catalysis 4.Genetics.

Monomers and Polymers Monomers are small units that join together to form polymers. A polymer is large compound made of many monomers. Process in which.

Biomolecules Carbon Compounds Macromolecules Organic Molecules

Carbon Compounds The building blocks of life. Key Ideas Describe why the element Carbon is a great building block Explain the role of carbohydrates, lipids,

Origin of life From: ‪ ‪

What is Biochemistry? The chemistry of life! Components of an E. coli cell Percentage of total cell weight Number of different Water701 Proteins153,000.

Chapter 2-1.  These molecules have specific jobs in the cell.  Carbohydrates  Lipids  Proteins  Nucleic Acids.

Organisms are made up of carbon-based molecules.

Modeling Chemical Evolution

Chemicals for Life. Carbohydrates  Sugars and starch  C,H,O  Energy source.

The Evolutionist Theory of the Origin of Life Packet #62 Chapter #26 Packet #62 Chapter #26 10/19/2015 6:55 PM1.

Polymer Molecule made of many monomers bonded together

Organic vs. Inorganic Molecules

January 9, 2014  Name two foods that come to mind when thinking about carbohydrates.  Name two foods that come to mind when thinking about proteins.

Regents Biology The Chemistry of Life What are living creatures made of? We have to take in raw materials for metabolic reactions (rxns) cells.

What is this? Organic Compound Living matter or arising from living matter ___________ elements chemically combined.

Origins of Life – Chapter 21. “Other” theories –comets may have delivered organic compounds probably will never prove how life began have narrowed down.

Intro to the History of Life Age of the Earth = 4.6 billion years Oldest fossils = 3.5 billion years –Prokaryotic type structures similar to spherical.

Origin of Life Today How did life originate? Working back from today The most basic components How DNA and RNA work Working forward from simple molecules.

Biology. Vocabulary Pay close attention to new vocabulary as it is used in this activity. This will be important as we continue through the course...

HOW CELLS FUNCTION ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY AND MATERIALS FOR LIFE PROCESSES.

Chemical Compound Review

Chemical Compounds in Cells. Review of basic chemistry Element – any substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance –Ex – carbon, nitrogen,

Cell Biology I. Overview II. Membranes: How Matter Get in and Out of Cells III. DNA, RNA, and Chromosome Structure IV. Protein Synthesis V. Origin of Life.

CARBON COMPOUNDS CHAPTER 2, SECTION 3. CARBON is the principle element in the large molecules that organisms make and use ORGANIC compounds contain carbon.

 The solar system is estimated to be 6.6 billion years old.  Earth is estimated to be 4.1 billion years old.

MACROMOLECULES. The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids.

Organic Molecules. Macromolecules Macromolecules are “giant molecules” found in living cells Smaller units are called monomers, these join together to.

Biology Unit 1 Notes: Biomolecules

On Hadean-Archean Earth Outcrop of metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary rocks from Porpoise Cove, Canada. Abiotic  Biotic Transition.

1. Name the two Types of Cells ProkaryoticProkaryotic EukaryoticEukaryotic.

Chapter 26. The Origin of Life

What is a macromolecule? There are four main types of biological molecules called macromolecules. The four types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids,

AP Biology Life’s Beginnings on Earth according to science.

6.4 The Building Blocks of Life

Chapter 1.  Element – a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances – smallest unit of an element is an atom  Compound – two or more.

What do you know? True or False Thumbs up for TRUE Thumbs down for FALSE Monomers are complex large molecules. FALSE.

Ch 2.3 CARBON COMPOUNDS. CARBON IS THE PRINCIPLE ELEMENT IN THE LARGE STRUCTURES THAT LIVING THINGS MAKE AND USE. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAIN CARBON. CARBON.

Organic Chemistry for Biologists

Non-living synthesis of simple organic molecules

Non-living synthesis of simple organic molecules

Lecture 1 Human Biology.

Chemistry of Living Things

Notes – Macromolecules

Non-living synthesis of simple organic molecules

Early Earth How old is earth? When did life first appear?

Molecules to Metabolism

Chemical Compounds in Cells

Organic Compounds.

The Chemistry of Life Organic Compounds Inorganic Compound

Carbon Compounds.

Biomolecule Chemical Structure

Atom: basic building block for all things

2-3 Carbon Compounds p45 Q: What elements does carbon bond with to make up life’s molecules? A:Carbon can bond with many elements, including hydrogen,

Molecules for Life Unit 2 – Lesson 4

Chemical Compounds Chapter 3 Section 1 Notes.

The Chemistry of Life.

Compounds In Cells Nucleic Acid Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids ATP DNA

Going even further back!

1. It is made up of Monosaccharides

How does structure relation to function?

Presentation transcript:

Lecture 10: What is life? - Its Origins

Life’s machinery in a cell A bacterial cell: RNA molecules transcribe messages from DNA that are used to produce protein molecules inside ribosomes.

Structure of DNA

Earth life - main attributes: 1)life is chemical in essence; an ordered network of chemical reactions; 2)life is energy dissipating; out-of-equilibrium system; 3)life is compartmentalized; 4)life is adaptive, self-optimizing, fed back, forward; stable to perturbations; 5)life uses molecules that are suited to water.

DNA RNA proteins Structure and function replication processing Organizational Complexity of Modern Life

RNA biochemical functions An earlier, simpler time:

Between non-life and life… Viruses Protocells Self-replicating nucleic acids

What do we know about the Origin of Life? From G.F. Joyce, 2002, Nature 418:

From Chemistry to Biology? small molecules (CO, H 2, H 2 0, NH 3, CH 4 …) + energy lipids + sugars + nucleobases + high-energy + amino acids compounds Self-assembly into vesicles activated nucleotides Assembly into genetic polymer peptides cofactors protocell?

The simplest protocell requires a membrane for compartmentalization, a replicating genome, and a source of nucleotides and lipids. Mechanical energy (for division), chemical energy (for nucleotide activation), and possibly osmotic gradient energy (for growth) may be used by the system. Model of Simple Protocell Matter and Energy Fluxes

The RNA World: Pre-biotic RNA formation Janet Iwasa/ Szostak Lab

The RNA World: Formation of Vesicles Janet Iwasa/ Szostak Lab

Why life needs a membrane compartment Janet Iwasa/ Szostak Lab

The RNA World: Protocell life cycle & division Janet Iwasa/ Szostak Lab

Lipid bilayer vesicles in clay RNA (red) adsorbed into clay, inside a vesicle (green) - Szostak lab (2004).

Earth life - main attributes: 1.life is chemical in essence; an ordered network of chemical reactions; 2.life is energy dissipating; out-of-equilibrium system; 3.life is compartmentalized; 4.life evolves by natural selection and inheritance of variation 5.life evolves to be adaptive, self-optimizing, fed back, forward; stable to perturbations; 6.Earth life uses molecules that are suited to water.