Lesson 22 Joseph C. Blumenthal

the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato All the italicized words are used like adjectives because they modify _____. (What class of words?)

the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato All the italicized words are used like adjectives because they modify nouns. (What class of words?)

the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato All the italicized words, which resemble both adjectives and verbs, are participles. They are present participles because they end in ___.

the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato All the italicized words, which resemble both adjectives and verbs, are participles. They are present participles because they end in ing.

a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato The italicized words after letter b are also used as adjectives. Were they also formed from verbs? ( yes, no )

a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato yes The italicized words after letter b are also used as adjectives. Were they also formed from verbs? ( yes, no )

a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato The italicized words after letter b are also participles because they were formed from verbs and are used as adjectives. However, they are not present participles because they do not end in ___.

a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato ing The italicized words after letter b are also participles because they were formed from verbs and are used as adjectives. However, they are not present participles because they do not end in ing.

a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato past participles The participles after b are past participles. The participles that do not end in –ing are the ( present, past ) participles.

a. the cracking ice a falling rock a steaming potato b. the cracked ice a fallen rock a steamed potato past participles The participles after b are past participles. past The participles that do not end in –ing are the ( present, past ) participles.

Most past participles end in –ed (entertained). But some also have other endings like: -d (told), -en (broken), -n (torn), and –t (bent). The past participle of a verb is the form you would use after have ; for example, have opened, have broken, have torn. see The past participle of see is ____.

Most past participles end in –ed (entertained). But some also have other endings like: -d (told), -en (broken), -n (torn), and –t (bent). The past participle of a verb is the form you would use after have ; for example, have opened, have broken, have torn. see The past participle of see is seen.

Remember that the past participle of a verb is the same form you would use after have. The past participle of teach is _____.

Remember that the past participle of a verb is the same form you would use after have. taught The past participle of teach is taught.

The past participle of wear is ____.

worn The past participle of wear is worn.

Past participles—like present participles—also form useful phrases that modify nouns and pronouns. The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her seat. The past participle phrase in this sentence modifies the noun _____.

Past participles—like present participles—also form useful phrases that modify nouns and pronouns. The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her seat. woman The past participle phrase in this sentence modifies the noun woman.

Past participle phrase can often shifted about. Annoyed by the smoke, the woman changed her seat. The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her seat. The woman changed her seat, annoyed by the smoke. Can a past participial phrase be some distance away from the noun it modifies? (yes, no)

Past participle phrase can often shifted about. Annoyed by the smoke, the woman changed her seat. The woman, annoyed by the smoke, changed her seat. The woman changed her seat, annoyed by the smoke. yes Can a past participial phrase be some distance away from the noun it modifies? ( yes, no)

Hayes threw himself down, exhausted from the race. The participial phrase is separated by several by several words from the word it modifies, the noun _____.

Hayes threw himself down, exhausted from the race. Hayes The participial phrase is separated by several by several words from the word it modifies, the noun Hayes.

PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Neglecting his friends, Carl read the newspaper. PAST PARTICIPLE: Neglected by his friends, Carl read the newspaper. The phrase with the ( present, past ) participle represents Carl as doing two things.

PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Neglecting his friends, Carl read the newspaper. PAST PARTICIPLE: Neglected by his friends, Carl read the newspaper. present The phrase with the ( present, past ) participle represents Carl as doing two things.

PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Neglecting his friends, Carl read the newspaper. PAST PARTICIPLE: Neglected by his friends, Carl read the newspaper. The phrase with the ( present, past ) participle represents Carl as having something done to him.

PRESENT PARTICIPLE: Neglecting his friends, Carl read the newspaper. PAST PARTICIPLE: Neglected by his friends, Carl read the newspaper. past The phrase with the ( present, past ) participle represents Carl as having something done to him.

To show that something has been done to a person or a thing, we use a ( present, past ) participle.

past To show that something has been done to a person or a thing, we use a ( present, past ) participle.

having To emphasize that the action of a participle has been entirely completed before another action, use having before the past participle ( having finished, having seen ). a. Glancing through the paper, I laid it aside. b. Having glanced through the paper, I laid it aside. Which sentence is correct? ( a, b )

having To emphasize that the action of a participle has been entirely completed before another action, use having before the past participle ( having finished, having seen ). a. Glancing through the paper, I laid it aside. b. Having glanced through the paper, I laid it aside. b Which sentence is correct? ( a, b )

a. Having finished his homework, Fred went to bed. b. Finishing his homework, Fred went to bed. Which sentence is correct? ( a, b )

a. Having finished his homework, Fred went to bed. b. Finishing his homework, Fred went to bed. a Which sentence is correct? ( a, b )

It was taken from a plane. Does the above sentence contain such a verb? ( yes, no ) It is very simple to change a sentence to a past participle phrase when its verb consists of two words—some form of be followed by a past participle; for example, is built, was invited, were surprised.

It was taken from a plane. yes Does the above sentence contain such a verb? ( yes, no ) It is very simple to change a sentence to a past participle phrase when its verb consists of two words—some form of be followed by a past participle; for example, is built, was invited, were surprised.

(It was) taken from a plane. To change the above sentence to a past participial phrase, start your phrase with the “ready- made” past participle _____, dropping all the words that precede it.

(It was) taken from a plane. taken To change the above sentence to a past participial phrase, start your phrase with the “ready- made” past participle taken, dropping all the words that precede it.

This is a picture of our town. (It was) taken from a plane. This is a picture of our town taken from a plane. The participle phrase modifies the noun ______.

This is a picture of our town. (It was) taken from a plane. This is a picture of our town taken from a plane. picture The participle phrase modifies the noun picture.

The roads were covered with ice. What is the two-word verb in this sentence? ___________.

The roads were covered with ice. What is the two-word verb in this sentence? were covered were covered.

The roads were covered with ice. Is one of the words in the two-word verb a past participle? ( yes, no )

The roads were covered with ice. yes Is one of the words in the two-word verb a past participle? ( yes, no )

( The roads were ) covered with ice. They were treacherous. We can change the italicized sentence to a participle phrase by starting the phrase with the past participle _______.

( The roads were ) covered with ice. They were treacherous. covered We can change the italicized sentence to a participle phrase by starting the phrase with the past participle covered.

( The roads were ) covered with ice. They were treacherous. Covered with ice, they were treacherous. To let the reader know what the sentence is about, we must substitute the roads for pronoun ____ in main statement. the roads

( The roads were ) covered with ice. They were treacherous. Covered with ice, they were treacherous. they To let the reader know what the sentence is about, we must substitute the roads for pronoun they in main statement. the roads

If you lose a noun in making a participial phrase, put this noun back at the beginning of your main statement. The book was autographed by Nin. It brought a high price. Fill in the blank space: Autographed by Nin, ________ brought a high price.

If you lose a noun in making a participial phrase, put this noun back at the beginning of your main statement. The book was autographed by Nin. It brought a high price. Fill in the blank space: the book Autographed by Nin, the book brought a high price.

Put a comma after any participial phrase that comes at the beginning of a sentence. a. Located near a factory the store does a big business. b. We visited an old church built before the American Revolution. Which sentence requires a comma? (a, b)

Put a comma after any participial phrase that comes at the beginning of a sentence. a. Located near a factory the store does a big business. b. We visited an old church built before the American Revolution. a Which sentence requires a comma? ( a, b)

Put a comma before a participial phrase at the end of a sentence only if it modifies the subject at the beginning of the sentence. a. We stayed at a delightful inn operated by the state. b. The audience grew restless bored by the long speech. Which sentence requires a comma? (a, b)

Put a comma before a participial phrase at the end of a sentence only if it modifies the subject at the beginning of the sentence. a. We stayed at a delightful inn operated by the state. b. The audience grew restless bored by the long speech. b Which sentence requires a comma? (a, b )

Combine each pair of sentences by changing the italicized sentence to a past participial phrase. Insert a comma wherever needed. The trainer entered the cage. He was armed only with a whip. SAMPLE

Combine each pair of sentences by changing the italicized sentence to a past participial phrase. Insert a comma wherever needed. The trainer entered the cage. He was armed only with a whip. SAMPLE The trainer entered the cage, armed only with a whip.

Write the following answers on your own sheet of paper.

Combine each pair of sentences by changing the italicized sentence to a past participial phrase. Insert a comma wherever needed. 1. Little Women was written by Louisa May Alcott in It soon became a favorite.

Combine each pair of sentences by changing the italicized sentence to a past participial phrase. Insert a comma wherever needed. 2. Tatum intercepted the pass. It was intended for Warfield.

Combine each pair of sentences by changing the italicized sentence to a past participial phrase. Insert a comma wherever needed. 3. The candidate was questioned about his policies. He gave only vague answers.

Combine each pair of sentences by changing the italicized sentence to a past participial phrase. Insert a comma wherever needed. 4. The bandit was surrounded by police. He gave himself up.

Eliminate the and by changing the italicized statement to a past participial phrase. Insert a comma wherever needed. 5. The car was forced off the road and went into a ditch.

Follow the directions given in the previous frame: 6. A crowd gathered around the excavation, and they were fascinated by the steam shovel.

Follow the directions given in the previous frame: 7. The article was written hastily and contained many inaccuracies.

Follow the directions given in the previous frame: 8. Mrs. Li owns a sports car, and it was imported from Italy.

Follow the directions given in the previous frame: 9. Small boats were warned by the Coast Guard and headed for shore.

Follow the directions given in the previous frame: 10. Which group of words could be used as past participles? a. hearing, intending, thinking, falling b. filled, sold, spoken, worn, spent, followed

Follow the directions given in the previous frame: 11. A phrase built on either a present or a past participle is used as an ________ to modify a noun or pronoun.

Follow the directions given in the previous frame: a. Frank was raised on a farm. b. He knew the problems of the farmer. 12. Which sentence could be changed to a past participial phrase? (a, b)

You are done!!!