Topics in Medical Physics Xiaoming Zheng, PhD. School of Dentistry and Health Sciences December 2009, Chengdu.

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Presentation transcript:

Topics in Medical Physics Xiaoming Zheng, PhD. School of Dentistry and Health Sciences December 2009, Chengdu.

Medical Physics at CSU Major medical imaging modalities Physics in nuclear medicine Magnetic resonance imaging Physics in computed tomography Ultrasound physics Health physics.

Major Imaging Modalities

Typical CT Images

Positron Emission Tomography

On Site Cyclotron

Whole Body PET Images

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRI Radio Frequency Coils

MRI Pulse Sequence

MRI Tissue Contrast Images

Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound Image

Medical Physics Research Topics Image reconstruction algorithms Scatter and resolution corrections Image quality assessment Clinical image analysis Computer aided diagnosis Radiation Detectors

Filtered Back-Projection

Butterworth Filter and Cutoff Frequency

Iterative Reconstruction

Rescaled Block Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm

Attenuation Compensation

Scatter Compensation

Resolution Compensation

PET simulation using GEANT

Problems in Dual Radionuclide Imaging: Scatter and Cross-talk

The Neural Network

Receiver Operating Characteristics

Numerical Observers

Image Registration Composite using intensity- based registration Composite using point- based registration

Brain Activation Mapping

Radiation Dose Optimization in CT Biological effect of ionizing radiation Cancer rate vs radiation dose Radiation dose reduction: image quality vs radiation dose Technical parameters: kVp, mAs,

Computer Assisted Diagnosis Provide second opinion to radiologists. FDA approved systems include breast and lung cancer detections. Image processing Image data base Artificial intelligence.

Radiation Detectors Room temperature Semiconductor Detectors: Materials and mechanisms Magnetic resonance coils designs.

(GE Medical Systems) Detector head Scintillator-based gamma camera

CZT / NaI comparison ELGEMS CZT pixilated small field imager Anger camera (NaI) Test image Thyroid phantom

CdZnTe (CZT) E h e + - X  CdZnTe: Gamma rays create electron/hole pairs. The gamma energy level is proportional to the electrical current. Semiconductor - CZT

The GaAs detectors

Hybrid Modalities – PET/CT

Hybrid Imaging Systems

New Imaging Systems New detector technology. Optical imaging: visible, ultraviolet, inferred. Molecular imaging: PET, fMRI, Optical Hybrid imaging systems. T Herts imaging.

Optical Imaging

Teraherts Imaging

Thickness of tissue probed 30  m 100  m 1mm 1cm 10cm  400 nm 800 nm 1600 nm 10  m 100  m Thermography THz imaging Confocal/ multi-photon microscopy Diffuse optical tomography Optical coherence tomography

Magnetoencephalography

Medical Physics Topics? Treatment of depression: Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Killing of cancer cells: Electric field on biological molecules.