Mark Novielli Ron Morales Joseph O’Sullivan

Water source of renewable energy Water source of renewable energy Abundance and potential energy Abundance and potential energy Wave Energy, onshore and offshore systems Wave Energy, onshore and offshore systems Wave movements: Up and Down, Back and Forth Wave movements: Up and Down, Back and Forth Generating electricity Generating electricity Electromagnetic induction Electromagnetic induction

Two Rod Magnets; 1”X1” Nd Feb - $30.00 Two Rod Magnets; 1”X1” Nd Feb - $30.00 Circuit Board; Perf 3” X 4-1/4” 0.1” - $1.99 Circuit Board; Perf 3” X 4-1/4” 0.1” - $1.99 Adjustable Resistor; 24mm 10K 0hm - $2.60 Adjustable Resistor; 24mm 10K 0hm - $ Pk Switching Diodes - $ Pk Switching Diodes - $ Capacitators; 1000MFD 16V Radial; $ Capacitators; 1000MFD 16V Radial; $1.98 Copper Magnet Wire; 24 GA 1LB – $16.88 Copper Magnet Wire; 24 GA 1LB – $16.88 Steel Ruler; 24” - $9.98 Steel Ruler; 24” - $ ” PVC Pipe -Scrap 3-4” PVC Pipe -Scrap Wood Boards and 2X4’s - Scrap Wood Boards and 2X4’s - Scrap Nails, Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Zip ties – Around the House Nails, Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Zip ties – Around the House

Creating the apparatus Creating the apparatus Winding copper wire Winding copper wire Mounting conductors and magnets Mounting conductors and magnets Creating an Alternating Current Creating an Alternating Current

Creating the Circuit Board Creating the Circuit Board Capacitators and Resistor Capacitators and Resistor Pulse Direct Current Pulse Direct Current Lighting LED light Lighting LED light

V = A X N X dB/dt V= generator output voltage (Volts) A= cross sectional area of the coil radius (A = πr 2 in meters 2 ) N = number of turns of the wire in the coil dB/dt = the rate of change of the magnetic field (Tesla / sec) A=.002m, N = 1000, dB/dt = Approx1; V=2 A=.002m, N = 1000, dB/dt = Approx1; V=2 Voltage Reading = 2.1V Voltage Reading = 2.1V

Success at first Success at first Broken circuit board Broken circuit board Length and stiffness of the ruler Length and stiffness of the ruler Consistent motion, Velocity of the magnets Consistent motion, Velocity of the magnets

Bell Boat Redesign

Existing Design Calls for a back and forth motion Calls for a back and forth motion Few moving parts Few moving parts Two induction coils Two induction coils One magnet One magnet

Redesign Calls for an up and down motion Calls for an up and down motion Few moving parts Few moving parts One induction coil One induction coil One magnet One magnet

Existing Design Pros Pros –Few moving parts –Two induction coils –Can operate in “chop” Cons Cons –Design relies on spring rate of material –Stress in support shaft –Precision machining required

New Design Pros Pros –Few moving parts –Lenient tolerances for construction –Only significant stress is due to own weight –Can be modified further via flywheel Cons Cons –One induction coil, less power –Slow movement, may not work as effectively in “chop” –Buoyancy is tricky, two buoys

Exploring the cons of the old design Spring rate of material is inherent material property, material selection important. Spring rate of material is inherent material property, material selection important. Machining needs to be held to a tight tolerance in order to effectively pass magnet through coils. Machining needs to be held to a tight tolerance in order to effectively pass magnet through coils. Bending stress analysis: Bending stress analysis: –∆y=FL^3/3EI –F max =σ max A –=4σ max wL^3/Eb^3 Fatigue Analysis Due to Bending stress: Fatigue Analysis Due to Bending stress: –Sn curve for 10^6 life

Exploring the cons of the redesign One induction coil, power output still needs to be explored One induction coil, power output still needs to be explored Slow movement may present an issue Slow movement may present an issue Buoyancy may be tricky Buoyancy may be tricky

What should be done? Cons of the old design present issues to which there exists no workaround, such as the limitation via bending stresses and material spring rates. Cons of the old design present issues to which there exists no workaround, such as the limitation via bending stresses and material spring rates. Cons of the redesign are addressable and fixable Cons of the redesign are addressable and fixable –Less power may be accommodated by introducing a flywheel mechanism that stores energy –Slow movement is also addressed by the introduction of a flywheel, this will keep inductor moving through “waveless periods” –Buoyancy can either be calculated or major structure can be anchored to the sea floor.

Other issues do exist, but according to the major ones presented, the redesign is necessary and appropriate.

Wave data for further analysis