Nutrient Management Workbook 2009 Jon Rausch, Amanda Meddles & Robert Mullen Ohio State University Extension

MSR Agenda Today 9:00 Introduction & Welcome Workbook overview 10:30Break  (pick-up pencil + calculator) Work nutrient management example Complete field plan for your farm NoonLunch

Objective Development a nutrient management plan for each field of the farming operation.  Focus on those utilizing animal manure. Take Home:  General understanding of this Nutrient Management Workbook  Steps toward and approved Nutrient Management Plan

Outline Identify available soil resources. Identify manure nutrients available. Identify the nutrient needs of growing crop. Identify sources of nutrients available for that crop. Allocate and balance available nutrients by field. Estimate nutrient carry-over, if any, and the value of that carry- over. Identify spreadable acres available for manure application. Estimate number of acres needed to recycle manure nutrients generated by your operation. Identify steps toward an approved plan.

Heritage Lane Dairy 2009

Example Farm Page 1 Throughout the book an example is provided based on a farm that is currently milking 100 dairy cows and has 200 acres. This farm has a rotation of corn, soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa and fertilizes his fields with manure from the dairy operation. This is supplemented with commercial fertilizer when necessary. The field used throughout this book as an example is Brown 1 or B1. It is 30 acres and will be planted in corn. The previous crop was soybeans. Examples based on this scenario can be found in different sections throughout the book in gray boxes like this one.

Soils/Field Data OSU Fact Sheet: Soil Sampling, Handling & Testing Field Plan EXAMPLE A Field Information ac Meq/100g Brown 160 bu/ac ppm Corn B1 Silt Loam Soybeans lb/ac lb/ac ppm

Soil Test-Preferred

Yield response likely Yield response NOT likely Increasing 

Soil Test Critical Values K at CEC P Crop ppm (lb/acre) ppm (lb/acre) Corn 15 (30) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300) Soybean 15 (30) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300) Wheat 25 (50) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300)

No Soil Test Page 2 Assumes maintenance level Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops Nutrientpp m lb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops Nutrient ppmlb/ac P 2 O 5 - Corn and soybeans 1530 P 2 O 5 - wheat and alfalfa 2550 K 2 O- all crops125250

Winter application see page 17 Example Farm

Manure Test-Preferred 1414

Manure Nutrients Page 3 Example This dairy example uses book values, due to a lack of manure test results, from Table 1 of 6 lb/1,000 gal of NH 3 -N, 25 lb/1,000 gal of Organic N (ON), 15 lb/1,000 gal of P 2 O 5 and 19 lb/1,000 gal of K 2 O which will be applied in September and incorporated within 1 day. PAN: (25 x.33) + (6 x.25) = 9.75 lb/1,000 gal P 2 O 5 : 15 lb/1,000 gal K 2 O: 19 lb/1,000 gal PAN is Plant Available Nitrogen. This is the amount of Nitrogen available to the crop based on time of application and method of application.

Page 3-4

Time of Year page 5

Calculating PAN- Example Farm PAN worksheet top of page %33% % diff. Test 1

Winter (Frozen & Snow Covered) application see page 17 Example Farm

Example Nutrient Worksheet E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed

Example Farm Page 5 Example A dairy farmer expects 160 bu/ac of grain corn in field B1. The previous crop was soybeans. Nutrient recommendations without soil test values are: PAN: 160 lb/ac P2O5: 60 lb/ac K2O: 65 lb/ac

Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

Page 6-8 Yield Potential– bu/ac Soil Test ppm (lb/ac)lb P 2 O 5 per acre 5 (10) (20) (30-60) (70) (80)00000 P 2 O 5 Recommendation

Page 8-10 Table 12: Corn K 2 O Recommendations at CEC level 20 meq/100g Yield Potential– bu/acre Soil test K ppm (lb/ac)lb K 2 O per acre 50 (100) (150) (200) ( ) (330) (350) Values in parentheses are lb/ac. 2 Maintenance recommendations are given for this soils test range.

√ √ Example Nutrient Worksheet E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed

Example - Liquid Fertilizer (used in this example) 5 gal/ac of are applied at planting. The fertilizer contains 10% PAN, 34% P 2 O 5, and 0% K 2 O. The application rate is 5 gal/ac x 11.7 lb/gal = 58.5 lb/ac. PAN: 58.5 lb/ac x 10% = 6 P 2 O 5 : 58.5 lb/ac x 34% = 20 K 2 O: 58.5 lb/ac x 0% = 0 Example - Dry Fertilizer Diammonium phosphate has a blend of ( ) applied at 150 lb/ac. The fertilizer contains 18% PAN, 46% P 2 O 5 and 0% K 2 O. PAN:150 lb/ac x 18% = 27 lb/ac P 2 O 5 :150 lb/ac x 46% = 69 lb/ac or 14 lbs/ac K 2 O: 150 lb/ac x 0% = 0 lb/ac

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ Nutrient Worksheet

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ √ Nutrient Worksheet

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √

Page 12 See also: NRCS-633, Table 4, page 13 Example The dairy farmer decides to base his application rate on the nitrogen need of the corn crop. Field B1 needs 154 lb/ac of PAN (from E: Additional Nutrients Needed) and the manure has a value of 9.75 lb/1000 gal or lb/gal. PAN Application Rate = 154 lb/ac / lb/gal = 15,794 gal/ac If he chose to use P 2 O 5 : 40 lb/ac / lb/gal = 2,700 gal/ac If he chose to use K 2 O: 65 lb/ac / lb/gal = 3,421 gal/ac

Determining Application Rate “P” Soil Test LevelApplication Criteria Bray-Kurtz P1 < 80 Lbs/Ac LOW POTENTIALN rate or P 2 O 5. Bray-Kurtz P1 80 – 200 Lbs/Ac MODERATE POTENTAL N rate or P 2 O 5 removal for rotation, whichever is less. Bray-Kurtz P Lbs/Ac HIGH POTENTIAL N rate or P 2 O 5 removal for rotation, whichever is less PLUS additional setback criteria from drainageway/water source/concentrated flow areas and/or other environmentally sensitive areas. Bray-Kurtz P1 > 300 Lbs/Ac VERY HIGH POTENTIALNo additional P 2 O 5 – Use P 2 O 5 Draw-down Strategies

Manure Nutrients

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √

Manure Nutrients Applied Page 13 Example Manure Nutrient Values for field B1 are lb/1000 gal of PAN, 15 lb/1000 gal P 2 O 5, and 19 lb/1000 of K 2 O. Dividing these by 1000 to achieve lb/gal or a PAN of lb/gal, P 2 O 5 of lb/gal, and K 2 O of lb/gal. The application rate calculated previously is 15,794 gal/ac but 13,000 gal/ac was applied. PAN: lb/gal x 13,000 gal/ac = 127 lb/ac P 2 O 5 :0.015 lb/gal x 13,000 gal/ac = 195 lb/ac K 2 O:0.019 lb/gal x 13,000 gal/ac = 247 lb/ac

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √ √

Additional Nutrients Page 13 PSNT: Pre Side-dress Nitrogen Test Applicable for fields with history of manure application Designed to capture ON cycling Sample just prior to side-dress N application Indicator of NO 3 -N + NH 4 -N available 30 ppm sufficient PAN, low probability of yield response with additional N 0 – 30 ppm, higher probability of yield response with additional N

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √ √ √

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √ √ √ √

Page 14

Nutrient Carry-over Apply based on N needs of crop when applicable and P for rotation. 2.6 year carry-over means the need for more P is not likely for 2-3 years, but dependant upon crop rotation and soil test level.

E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs , ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application 6065 Additional Nutrients Needed √ √ √ Nutrient Worksheet √ √ √ √ √

K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied 28.9 ac. $11, M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining = 375,700 gal 597,390 gal

Backside of worksheet

Common Set-backs Page 15

Nutrient Worksheet √ K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied 28.9 ac. $11, M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining = 375,700 gal 597,390 gal

Page 18 Fertilizer value used June ‘09: Urea = $420/ton = $0.46/lb N DAP $500/ton = $0.37/lb P2O5 Potash $770/ton = $0.65/lb K2O $1,657 $3,419 $5,076

Nutrient Worksheet √ √ $5,076 K Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) L Value of Excess Nutrients Applied 28.9 ac. $11, M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied =Volume Remaining = 375,700 gal 597,390 gal

Page 19

Page 20

Manure Production Dry Cows Heifers 973, ,280 gal ,760 gal Does not include bedding or other additions to storage

Total Nutrients Available 973,090 gallons available  = $21,782 (PAN, P 2 O 5, K 2 O) Total PAN = * 9.75 = 9,488 lb  9,488 / 160 = 60 ac  9,488 * $0.46/lb = $4,365 Total P 2 O 5 = * 15 = 14,596 lb  14,596 / 60 = 243 ac  14,596 * $0.37/lb =$5,400 Total K 2 O = * 19 = 18,489 lb  18,489/ 65 = 285 ac  18,489 *$0.65 = $12,018

Manure Application Records Field record book  Emergency contact information  Spill response information  Equipment information  Detailed ‘day-of-application’ information  Winter application guidelines

Break  Pick up pencil + calculator

Corn Silage Example Change planned crop to Corn Silage (26 T/ac) following Grain Corn (160 bu/ac) Application (April-June) with direct inject/incorporate.

Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

Corn Silage (26 T/ac) Yield Potential– tons/acre Soil Test ppm (lb/ac)lb P 2 O 5 per acre 5 (10) (20) (30-60) (70) (80)00000 Page 8

Corn Silage (26 T/ac) Table 16: Corn Silage K 2 O Recommendations at CEC level 20 meq/100g Yield Potential– tons/acre Soil test K ppm (lb/ac)lb K 2 O per acre 50 (100) (150) (200) (250) (290) (330) (350) Values in parentheses are lb/ac. 2 Maintenance recommendations are given for this soils test range. Page 10

Time of Year page 5

Calculating PAN- Example Farm PAN worksheet top of page %33%12.75 April/June

Heritage Lane Dairy Dairy

, Heritage Lane Dairy E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* Additional Nutrients Applied H C Crop Nutrient Needs ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed

Manure Value Change What is the per acre change in manure nutrient value when the application period changes from Sept-Oct to April-June? Only PAN changed.  9.75 lb/1,000 gal (Sept-Oct)  12.8 lb/1,000 gal (April-June) 12.8 – 9.75 = 3.05 lb/1,000 gal Price of N = $0.65/unit of N  3.05 units * $0.65 = $1.98/1,000 gal  $ $25.77 / acre (9.5 – 13k gal/ac)

Summary Balanced nutrient inputs to match crop nutrient needs + soil resources(?)  Soil test is necessary for full utilization of nutrient inputs. Application of nutrients beyond crop needs and soil carrying capacity increases risk of nutrient moving off-site.  Economic loss ($$$)  When, where, how and how much are important questions to ask.

Summary Nutrient sampling/testing is necessary to “fine-tune” a nutrient management program.  Testing provides you a tool to make an “educated guess.” Nutrient management workbook used as a tool to:  Verify current nutrient management practices.  Identify more efficiently uses of on-farm nutrients.  others

Questions Amanda Meddles, Jon Rausch,