Alluvial plant communities of Piedmont brownwater rivers Elizabeth R. Matthews 1 Robert K. Peet 1 Alan S. Weakley 1 Thomas R. Wentworth 2 University of.

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Presentation transcript:

Alluvial plant communities of Piedmont brownwater rivers Elizabeth R. Matthews 1 Robert K. Peet 1 Alan S. Weakley 1 Thomas R. Wentworth 2 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1 North Carolina State University 2

Piedmont brownwater rivers

Alluvial plant communities of Piedmont brownwater rivers Describe the vegetation composition and structure Inform management decisions and future restoration projects

Piedmont brownwater rivers

CVS protocol 20m X 50m plots Nested corners in 4 intensive modules Cover by strata Soil samples and geomorphic position

Analysis Cluster techniques Ordination Indicator species analysis Comparison of groups with current classifications –Classification of the Natural Communities of North Carolina, 3 rd approximation, Schafale and Weakley –U.S. National Vegetation Classification

Liquidambar-Liriodendron small stream forest Ilex opaca-Quercus nigra forest Platanus-Celtis-Fraxinus levee forest Quercus species bottomland forest Acer-Fraxinus bottomland swamp forest Liquidambar-Platanus/ Carpinus levee forest

Liquidambar-Liriodendron small stream forest Ilex opaca-Quercus nigra forest Platanus-Celtis-Fraxinus levee forest Quercus species bottomland forest Acer-Fraxinus bottomland swamp forest Liquidambar-Platanus/ Carpinus levee forest

Liquidambar styraciflua-Liriodendron tulipifera forest Dominance : Liquidambar styraciflua, Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer rubrum, Acer floridanum, Polystichum acrostichoides Plots : 20 Environment : Small floodplain with poorly developed geomorphology Sandy soils Most prominent in Cape Fear

Liquidambar styraciflua-Liriodendron tulipifera small stream forest

Nearest community concepts NVC: Liquidambar styraciflua-Liriodendron tulipifera/ Lindera benzoin/ Arisaema triphyllum Forest (CEGL 4418) NVC: Liquidambar styraciflua-Liriodendron tulipifera/ Onoclea sensibilis Forest (CEGL 7329) 3 rd approximation: Piedmont alluvial forest

Liquidambar styraciflua-Liriodendron tulipifera small stream forest SpeciesNativityStratumAverage coverConstancy Liquidambar styracifluaNT695 Liriodendron tulipiferaNT580 Vitis rotundifoliaNT380 Carpinus carolinianaNT665 Acer rubrumNT665 Toxicodendron radicansNT365 Ulmus alataNT460 Cornus floridaNT555 Parthenocissus quinquefoliaNT255 Carya ovataNT550 Betula nigraNT450 Carya cordiformisNT645 Fagus grandifoliaNT545 Fraxinus pennsylvanicaNT445 Acer floridanumNT740 Ostrya virginianaNT640 Pinus taedaNT640 Ulmus rubraNT540 Nyssa sylvaticaNT440 SpeciesStrataCover Constancy Nativity

Liquidambar styraciflua-Liriodendron tulipifera small stream forest SpeciesNativityStratumAverage coverConstancy Microstegium vimineumEH4100 Polystichum acrostichoidesNH3100 Lonicera japonicaEH3100 Euonymus americanusNH2100 Vitis rotundifoliaNH2100 Parthenocissus quinquefoliaNH2100 Toxicodendron radicansNH2100 Viola sp.NH295 Amphicarpaea bracteataNH280 Sanicula canadensisNH280 Rubus sp.NH280 Botrypus virginianusNH280 Polygonatum biflorumNH280 Smilax bona-noxNH275 Campsis radicansNH275 Oxalis sp.NH275 Carex blandaNH270 Bignonia capreolataNH270 Smilax rotundifoliaNH270 Smilax glaucaNH270 Carex radiataNH265 SpeciesStrataCover Constancy Nativity

Plot 742

Liquidambar-Liriodendron small stream forest Ilex opaca-Quercus nigra forest Platanus-Celtis-Fraxinus levee forest Quercus species bottomland forest Acer-Fraxinus bottomland swamp forest Liquidambar-Platanus/ Carpinus levee forest

Ilex opaca- Quercus nigra small stream forest Dominance : Ilex opaca*, Quercus nigra*, Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Carpinus caroliniana, Viburnum dentatum*, Chasmanthium latifolium Plots : 14 Environment : Small floodplain Sandy soils Most extensive in Tar Basin

Ilex opaca- Quercus nigra small stream forest

Ilex opaca-Querc nig

Liquidambar-Liriodendron small stream forest Ilex opaca-Quercus nigra forest Platanus-Celtis-Fraxinus levee forest Quercus species bottomland forest Acer-Fraxinus bottomland swamp forest Liquidambar-Platanus/ Carpinus levee forest

Quercus spp. bottomland forest Dominance : Quercus phellos*, Quercus pagoda*, Quercus michauxii, Liquidambar styraciflua, Acer rubrum, Ilex decidua*, Carpinus caroliniana, Toxicodendron radicans* Plots : 18 Environment : Large floodplain Soils with high clay content

Quercus spp. bottomland forest

Liquidambar-Liriodendron small stream forest Ilex opaca-Quercus nigra forest Platanus-Celtis-Fraxinus levee forest Quercus species bottomland forest Acer-Fraxinus bottomland swamp forest Liquidambar-Platanus/ Carpinus levee forest

Acer rubrum-Fraxinus pennsylvanica bottomland swamp forest Dominance : Acer rubrum*, Fraxinus pennsylvanica*, Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus americana*, Saururus cernuus*, Carex lupulina*, Carex typhina* Plots : 19 Environment : Large floodplain Backswamp or low landscape position Soil: high clay content, high Fe and Al

Acer rubrum-Fraxinus pennsylvanica bottomland swamp forest

Liquidambar-Liriodendron small stream forest Ilex opaca-Quercus nigra forest Platanus-Celtis-Fraxinus levee forest Quercus species bottomland forest Acer-Fraxinus bottomland swamp forest Liquidambar-Platanus/ Carpinus levee forest

Platanus occidentalis- Celtis laevigata- Fraxinus pennslyvanica levee forest Dominance : Platanus occidentalis*, Celitis laevigata*, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Acer negundo*, Juglans nigra*, Chasmanthium latifolium* Plots : 26 Environment : Fertile soils- high base saturation, high Ca and Mg content

Platanus occidentalis- Celtis laevigata- Fraxinus pennslyvanica levee forest

Liquidambar-Liriodendron small stream forest Ilex opaca-Quercus nigra forest Platanus-Celtis-Fraxinus levee forest Quercus species bottomland forest Acer-Fraxinus bottomland swamp forest Liquidambar-Platanus/ Carpinus levee forest

Dominance : Liquidambar styraciflua, Ulmus americana, Ulmus rubra, Platanus occidentalis, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Carpinus caroliniana, Arundinaria gigantea Plots : 18 plots Environment : Moderately fertile soils

Liquidambar-Platanus/ Carpinus levee forest

Future directions Further refine classification and description Expand dataset with more plots in the Yadkin-Peedee and Catawba river basins

Thank you This project was made possible by a grant from the NC Environmental Enhancement Program Forbes Boyle, Brenda Wichmann, Jessi Outzs, Jose Zúñiga, and the Plant Ecology Lab at UNC