Changes of State.

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Presentation transcript:

Changes of State

Energy and Changes of State Change of State: Change of a substance to one physical form to another Physical changes Identity of the substance does not change Ex: ice, liquid water, and steam are all the same substance. State of matter is based on the amount of energy in the substance to change the state of matter you add or take away energy. Ice – little energy Liquid water – moderate energy Steam – a lot of energy

Melting: Solid to Liquid Change of state from a solid to liquid Melting ice Adding energy increases temperature and causes the particles to move faster. Melting Point: Temp. at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid Different substances have different melting points Energy added to a solid is used to overcome the attraction between particles Endothermic Change: Energy is gained by the substance as it changes state

Freezing: Liquid to Solid Change of state from a liquid to a solid. Freezing Point: Temp. at which liquids turn to solids Attraction must overcome the motion of the particles Removal of energy will cause the particles to lock in place Exothermic Change: Removal of energy

Evaporation: Liquid to Gas Change of a substance from a liquid to a gas Occurs at the surface of a liquid below the boiling point Boiling: Change of a liquid to a gas throughout the liquid Occurs when the pressure inside the bubbles equals the outside pressure Boiling point changes with atmospheric pressure Lower the pressure lower the boiling point

Condensation: Gas to Liquid Change of state from gas to liquid Condensation Point: Temp. at which a gas becomes a liquid Exothermic change Energy is removed and particles clump together when the attraction between them overcomes the motion

Sublimation: Solid to Gas A solid changes directly to a gas Endothermic change Energy is added and the particles move quickly breaking the attraction between them

Change of Temp. vs. Change of State Temp. is related to the movement of the particles Temp. of a substance does not change until the change of state is complete

Changing States of Matter Overview + heat + heat Solid Gas Liquid melt evaporate freeze condense - heat - heat