Dissociating the neural processes associated with attentional demands and working memory capacity Gál Viktor Kóbor István Vidnyánszky Zoltán SE-MRKK PPKE-ITK Budapest, 2011

Working memory is affected by several CNS disorders WM tasks (e.g. delayed match to sample) are important part of neuropsychatric tests The goal is to show that fMRI can be used to measure: -Subtle changes in the neural responses in specific brain regions associated with memory-load dependent modulation of the performance in a working memory tasks. -Neural correlates of the individual differences in WM capacity. Measuring the neural effect of working memory load using fMRI.

VSTM experiment 13 subjects, 3 excluded(poor behavioral performance and scanning artifacts) Plan: to have at least subjects in the analysis Main experiment + independent ROI localizer scan Standard GLM analysis protocols

fMRI measurements, analysis Scanning parameters: – Philips Achieva 3T, 36 functional axial slices, TR: 2 s, resolution: 3 x 3 x 3.5mm. Preprocessing, analysis: – Functional data was preprocessed using standard procedures in SPM8. – Data was analyzed by standard GLM procedures via customized SPM8 scripts. – Statistical parametric maps were transformed to the MNI space using the transformation parameters of the normalized high resolution T1W anatomical scans.

Behavioural results where K is the memory capacity, S is the size of the array, H is the observed hit rate and F is the false alarm ra

Localization of VSTM related BOLD activity Random effect group results of the memory load 5 > baseline contrast map group-wise analysis at a threshold of FDR=0.05.

Localization of VSTM related BOLD modulation Random effect group results of the memory load 5 > memory load 1 contrast map group-wise analysis at a threshold of p<0.001.

Evoked fMRI responses at different memory loads

Memory load dependent fMRI responses

BOLD response, memory capacity and error rate

Correlation of bold responses and behavioral performance Correlation between the memory load induced modulation of bold responses and behavioral performance R=0.64, p=0.048

Conclusion It was found that fMRI responses: in the visual cortex showed early saturation: increasing the number of objects to be remembered above two resulted in a very small modulation of the BOLD responses in these regions in the bilateral supplemental motor area extending into middle cingulated cortex and the right anterior insula gradually increased with increasing the WM load, independently of the subjects’ WM capacity. in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus and in the left anterior insula closely associated with the subjects’ WM capacity and not with the overall attentional demands. To conclude the results provide evidence that different neural networks are involved in the processes associated with WM capacity and changes in overall attentional demands

Restingstate fcMRI (rs-fcMRI) studies measure the correlations in spontaneous activity between brain regions. These rs-fcMRI measurements are reliable across scans and institutions and are thought to have been shaped by the cumulative effect of experiences across one’s lifespan. Important group-level rs-fcMRI studies have already shown differences in spontaneous activity in disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, depression, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI)

fcMRI parameters, preprocessing 11 subjects, 15min Scanning parameters: – Philips Achieva 3T, 28 functional axial slices, TR: 1.5 s, resolution: 3 x 3 x 4mm and 36 functional axial slices, TR: 2 s, resolution: 3 x 3 x 3.5mm Preprocessing, analysis: – Functional data was preprocessed using standard procedures in SPM8. – Noise (artificial correlation) was attenuated by: – Regressing out – Motion correction parameters – Phys. monitoring data (respiration, pulsoxy) – White matter signal – Global gray matter signal – Bandpass filter: [0.009Hz 0.08Hz]

fcMRI parameters, preprocessing Seed ROI: left and right insula anterior based on main memory experiment group results backprojected from MNI to single subject space Correlation between seed voxels and all other gray matter voxels were calculated and entered in second level analysis Group level statistical parametric maps were created after random effects analysis of the individual SPMs

Seed voxel: insula anterior