中央大學。范錚強 1 SCM── Some details 國立中央大學、資訊管理系 范錚強 Tel: (03) Fax:(03) mailto:

中央大學。范錚強 2 Interactions among SC partners – in the past Internal activities Sales forecasts, Product design, Inventory management, marketing, sales External activities Procurement SupplierFocalBuyer

中央大學。范錚強 3 Interactions among SC partners – trends SupplierFocalBuyer Increased external activities Low frequency activities Vendor selection, Collaborative product design High frequency activities Collaborative forecast, order processing, collaborative logistics

中央大學。范錚強 4 The “C” word – C-commerce Collaboration E.g. Pendulum swing in Taiwanese mass production business 1. OEM – Original equipment Manufacturing brand-name buyer designed products 2. ODM – Original design and Manufacturing Contract manufacturer designed products CDM – Collaborative Design and Manufacturing Collaboration

中央大學。范錚強 5 Example: Procurement Inter-firm Activities: Negotiation, order placing, delivery, goods received and verification, payment Collaboration: tightly coupled activities Short AVL – approved vendor list Product design – collaborative engineering Forecast – CPFR (Collaborative Planning, Forecasts and Replenishment)

中央大學。范錚強 6 Challenges from the Market Problems facing the IT contract manufacturers in Taiwan Customer requirements 955 – 95% of all orders fulfilled within 5 days Actions: VMI, resulting in higher inventory costs Requirements in 2001: 983 Requirements in 2003?? Requirements in 2005??

中央大學。范錚強 7 Traditional Production Model Traditional BTS: Build to Stock Sales forecast  production plan  procurement  production  FG warehousing  order taking  delivery Slow movement of goods, capital tied up Traditional BTO: Build to Order Customer order  production scheduling  procurement  production  delivery Long delivery cycle, lack of competitiveness

中央大學。范錚強 8 Exploiting IT capabilities Speed Accessibility Visibility Opportunities: Early involvement and early availability of information Postponement of decisions

中央大學。范錚強 9 Current Production Models BTF/VMI– Build to Forecast Customer rolling forecast  procurement  production scheduling  production  customer delivery notice  delivery to VMI BTO Customer rolling forecast  procurement  customer order  production scheduling  production  delivery CTO/ATO: Configure to order, Assemble to order Customer rolling forecast  procurement  production scheduling  production of components  customer order  final assembly  delivery

中央大學。范錚強 10 What are the differences? Customer ROLLING forecast What do you do with the forecast?

中央大學。范錚強 11 Example: A Shoe Manufacturer Shortened Cycle time 12weeks Production 10weeks Procurement 12~13weeks In the Past Current 6weeks 4weeks Order Rolling Forecast

中央大學。范錚強 12 Evolution of Collaboration QR: Quick Response 1984, garment retailers Quick response to customer demand changes Information sharing of Point-of-sales data Effective in reducing lead time, inventory and obsolescence ECR: Efficient Consumer Response 1992, retailers of general merchandise An extension of the QR concept Covering Suppliers and manufacturers VMI/SMI Vendor/Supplier Managed Inventory Change of ownership at buyer warehouse Eliminating the buyer side warehouse

中央大學。范錚強 13 CPFR: Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment Early 1990’s Wal-Mart 和 Warner- Lambert tried out CPAR Evolution into CPFR (trademark of VICS: Voluntary Interindustry Commerce Standards Association) New generation of CPFR in 2004

中央大學。范錚強 14 CPFR Supply Chain Visibility Collaboration Accurate forecast Lower inventory Develop front-end agreement Create joint business plan Create sales forecast Identify and resolve exceptions Create order forecast Identify and resolve exceptions Order generation

中央大學。范錚強 15 Business model: B Source:

中央大學。范錚強 16 Basic Concept: Exception Handling Mutual long term commitment Change of business relationship From ad hoc, one shot to long term Collaborative Planning Joint business plan Collaborative Forecast Resolve exception Collaborative Replenishment Information sharing, visibility Resolve exception

中央大學。范錚強 17 Accurate Forecast Time Sales Retailer forecast too low Retailer forecast too high

中央大學。范錚強 18 Differences at different stages Time Sales using point-of- sales data to rapidly update forecasts for new products sharing of planning information automatic monitoring of sales, shared exception alerts using the supplier’s forecast

中央大學。范錚強 19 The technical solutions B2Bi RosettaNet ebXML

中央大學。范錚強 20 Fixed relationship B2B IOS Inter-organization Systems Alternatives Services provided by the Focal Integrated with in-house ERP Independent EC server (owned or ASP) Linking the Focal with suppliers Web-based Information Exchange Process integration Outsourcing? Technology?

中央大學。范錚強 21 Focal (1) back ERP Server 資料庫 XML 格式 EC Server ERP

中央大學。范錚強 22 Independent service providers ASP CSP Focal (2) XML format ERP Server 資料庫 ERP EC Server 資料庫 EC 轉出檔案

中央大學。范錚強 23 Linking with Suppliers (1) ERP/MIS Browser EC Server DB EC DB ERP EC interface

中央大學。范錚強 24 ERP XML EC Server (Enterprise Ver.) EC Server (Standard Ver.) ERP RosettaNet PIPs Interne t Rosettanet/ XML XML B2Bi Process Integration Focal Supplier

中央大學。范錚強 25 Alternatives ERP SCM B2B Server Portal ASP AP1 AP2 Browser1 Browser2 In-houseService Provider Users

中央大學。范錚強 26 Interchange of information Data Data files, coding Need “Data interchange” standards Message The information on a traditional document reflecting a single activity (e.g. order, confirmation, delivery) Need “Message interchange” standards Process The process involved in a single activity Process integration

中央大學。范錚強 27 Data Interchange Paper documents, computer files, spreadsheets Paper, fax, magnetic media, network (e.g FTP) Normally by batch EDI Transaction data for a single transaction Traditionally run on proprietary networks International message standards: UN/EDIFACT EOI- EDI over Internet HTML XML

中央大學。范錚強 28 Markup Language “Markup” is a method of conveying metadata (that is, information about a dataset). Markup Language use string literals, or “tags”, to delimit and describe this data. Ease of reading, printing and exchange printer typesetting, proofreader, punctuation, ASCII, C, RTF SGML: Standard Generalized ML

中央大學。范錚強 29 Example: HTML Document Hardware Notebook IBM Synnex John

中央大學。范錚強 30 Example: XML Document 搜尋字串： “ 超薄手提電腦 ” ，共找到 2 筆 IBM 240 $58,455 ThinkPad Dell A123 $58,999 NB A123 “extended” data tags

中央大學。范錚強 31 XML advantages Open, platform-independent Vocabulary: Definitions of TAGS for different Application Domain An XML vocabulary is a description of XML data that is used as the medium for information exchange, often within a specific domain of human activity(business, chemistry, law, music, for example) Program Readable Note: XML is not a programming language, nor an object- based system, nor an operating system. It is a powerful, elegant technique for thinking about, exchanging, and presenting data in a platform-independent manner.

中央大學。范錚強 32 XML and Browser XML – changes in internal structure of browsers HTML Interpreter  XML Parser A normal Hypertext web-page becomes Application page Application Software  Browser Software XML– XML data can be processed by application systems, instead of a browser

中央大學。范錚強 33 Client Side of Web-XML Parser Present- ation Module Browse r HTTP Server URL XML File Valid- ater Document Handler Application

中央大學。范錚強 34 RosettaNet RosettaNet is a consortium of major Information Technology, Electronic Components and Semiconductor Manufacturing companies working to create and implement industry-wide, open e-business process standards. Cluster 0: RosettaNet Support Provides administrative functionality Cluster 1: Partner, Product and Service Review Allows information collection, maintenance and distribution for the development of trading-partner profiles and product- information subscriptions

中央大學。范錚強 35 RosettaNet Cluster 2: Product Information Enables distribution and periodic update of product and detailed design information, including product change notices and product technical specifications Cluster 3: Order Management Lets partners order catalog products, create custom solutions, manage distribution and deliveries, and support product returns and financial transactions Cluster 4: Inventory Management Enables inventory management, including collaboration, replenishment, price protection, reporting and allocation of constrained product

中央大學。范錚強 36 RosettaNet Cluster 5: Marketing Information Management Enables communication of marketing information, including campaign plans, lead information and design registration Cluster 6: Service and Support Provides post-sales technical support, service warranty and asset management capabilities Cluster 7: Manufacturing Enables the exchange of design, configuration, process, quality and other manufacturing floor information to support the "Virtual Manufacturing" environment

中央大學。范錚強 37 RosettaNet PIP Partner Interface Process (PIP) message guidelines and XML DTD's (Document type definition). Understand what the PIP number represents. A PIP number has 3 parts: a number + a letter + another number. Example: 3A4 The first number represents the Cluster. PIP 3A4 is in Cluster 3. The letter represents the Segment. PIP 3A4 is in Segment A of Cluster 3. The second number is a sequential number which completes the PIP number. PIP 3A4 is the 4th PIP in Segment A of Cluster 3.

中央大學。范錚強 38 RosettaNet 3A4 PIP

中央大學。范錚強 39 To provide an open XML-based infrastructure enabling the global use of electronic business information in an interoperable, secure, and consistent manner by all parties. ebXML Mission

中央大學。范錚強 40 Individual Transaction Choreography

ebXML Repository