TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
OVERVIEW DEPRESSION ANXIETY SUBSTANCE ABUSE
DEPRESSION UNLIKE SCHIZ AND BIPOLAR MUCH MORE COMMON – ESPECIALLY RECENTLY “AGE OF DEPRESSION”
ADULT PREVALENCE
Treatment for Depression
Diagnoses in Psychotherapy
Depression Articles
MOOD EITHER (OR BOTH) PRESENCE OF NEGATIVE MOOD OR ABSENCE OF POSITIVE MOOD
PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS LOW ENERGY, FATIGUE SLEEP DISTURBANCES APPETITE DISTURBANCES VULNERABILITY TO MANY PHYSICAL ILLNESSES
PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS EMOTIONAL - SADNESS, APATHY, LACK OF PLEASURE COGNITIVE - HOPELESSNESS AND HELPLESSNESS, LOW SELF-ESTEEM BEHAVIORAL - WITHDRAWAL, SUICIDE ATTEMPTS
TYPES OF DEPRESSION CONTINUOUS HOW SEVERE AND HOW LONG
TYPES MAJOR DEPRESSION - ABOVE PSYCHOTIC (MELANCHOLIC) - MORE SEVERE, IMMOBILE, SUICIDAL DYSTHYMIA – LOWER LEVEL BUT LONGER LASTING (TWO YEARS) DISTRESS - REACTIVE TO LIFE EVENT, GOES AWAY WHEN CONDITIONS CHANGE, NOT A DISORDER
CAUSES VARIED CURRENT LOSSES AND TRAUMAS CHRONIC OPPRESSIVE SITUATIONS EARLY LOSS EVENTS AND ABUSE SOME GENETIC/BIOLOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS GREAT VARIANCE ACROSS SOCIETIES (3% - 30%) IN U.S. 10% EACH YEAR; 20% OVER LIFETIME 2/3 WOMEN INVERSE WITH SOCIAL CLASS MOST AMONG YOUNG, ELDERLY
PROGNOSIS (COURSE) COURSE HIGHLY VARIABLE MDD USUALLY RECURRENT AVERAGE EPISODE ABOUT MONTHS DYSTHYMIA CHRONIC DISTRESS ENDS WITH POSITIVE EVENTS
TREATMENT TREATED WITH SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS (SSRI) - PROZAC, PAXIL, XOLOFT NOT MORE EFFECTIVE THAN EARLIER DRUGS FEWER SIDE EFFECTS, BETTER TOLERATED, LESS ADDICTIVE, FEWER OVERDOSES HIGHER RISK OF SUICIDE?
TREATMENT (CONT.) COGNITIVE THERAPY PSYCHOTHERAPY COMBINATION OF DRUGS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY MIGHT BE BEST
SYMPTOMS PSYCHOLOGICAL UNEASE, FEAR, WORRY, ANXIOUSNESS, DREAD PHYSICAL HEART PALPITATIONS, TREMBLING, STOMACH UPSET, FAINTING
MAJOR TYPES PHOBIAS - INTENSE FEAR OF A SPECIFIC OBJECT OR SITUATION PANIC - SITUATIONAL, EPISODIC GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
MAJOR TYPES OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE - PREOCCUPYING THOUGHTS OR BEHAVIORS
MAJOR TYPES SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
MAJOR TYPES POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
COMORBIDITY VERY HIGH COMORBIDITY WITH DEPRESSION MOST DEPRESSED PEOPLE ALSO ANXIOUS ANXIOUS PEOPLE OFTEN DEPRESSED
CHARACTERISTICS GREAT VARIANCE ACROSS SOCIETIES IN U.S. 20% EACH YEAR, 30% OVER LIFETIME
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS 2/3 FEMALE HIGH ETHNIC VARIATION E.G. BLACKS MORE PHOBIAS, HISPANICS MORE PANIC, JEWS MORE OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE
TREATMENT MEDICATION SSRI’S ANTI-ANXIETY - XANAX BEHAVIOR THERAPY
SUBSTANCE DEPENDENCE/ABUSE DEPENDENCE FREQUENT AND EXCESSIVE USE GROWING TOLERANCE/PROBLEMS WITH WITHDRAWAL ABUSE PROBLEMATIC CONSEQUENCES OF USE - FAMILY, WORK, LEGAL
CHARACTERISTICS ALCOHOL ABUSE OR DEPENDENCE - 10% YEAR, 25% LIFETIME DRUG ABUSE OR DEPENDENCE - 3% YEAR; 12% LIFETIME
CHARACTERISTICS 2/3 MALE YOUNG PEOPLE MIXED RESULTS ON SOCIAL CLASS MUCH ETHNIC VARIATION E.G. ISLAMIC, ASIANS, JEWS LITTLE, IRISH AND EASTERN EUROPE MUCH, BLACKS CURVILINEAR
TREATMENT VARIATION IN TREAT OR PUNISH? MUCH TREATMENT INVOLUNTARY GROUP THERAPY - AA SOME MEDICATION