Open Access University of the West of England Jackie Wickham Project Coordinator - RSP

Outline Why is the lack of Open Access a problem? What are the benefits? What are the routes? What do academics think about it? Why don’t we have Open Access yet?

Andrew Wickham All right s reserved

Further research Elmes & Barry – Deliverance, Denial and the Death Zone: a study of Narcissism and Regression.., 1999 Kayes - Dilemma at 29,000 feet: an Exercise in Ethical Decision Making, 2002 Mangione & Nelson - the 1996 Mount Everest Tragedy, contemplation on group process and group dynamics, 2003 Kayes - The 1996 Mount Everest climbing disaster: the breakdown of learning in teams, 2004 Tempest, Starkey and Ennew – In the Death Zone: A study of limits in the 1996 Mount Everest disaster, 2007 Van Dyck – The tragic 1996 Everest expedition: a tale of error culture, 2008

Elmes & Barry 1999 Open Access? Kayes 2002 Open Access? Mangione & Nelson 2003 Open Access?  Kayes 2004 Open Access? Tempest, Starkey & Ennew 2007 Open Access?  Van Eyck 2008 Open Access? = Citations

Elmes & Barry 1999 Open Access? Kayes 2002 Open Access? Mangione & Nelson 2003 Open Access?  Kayes 2004 Open Access? Tempest, Starkey & Ennew 2007 Open Access?  Van Eyck 2008 Open Access? = Citations

Open Access increases citations

Open access can increase your citations Key Perspectives Ltd

% of publishers allow self archiving

“There’s no access problem”

Academic researchers: “There’s no access problem”: 76% have access problems at least monthly * No subscription:56% * Subscription, but login problems:26% * Access difficult or rare:37% ** * Research Information Network, 5 studies on access in UK ** SOAP (Study on Open Access Publishing) Slide from Alma Swan FNRS workshop, Brussels, Sep 2011

Which kinds of businesses could benefit from open access? Healthcare services Civil engineers Construction companies Dentists Accountancy firms Archaeology services Horticulturalists Social service firms Consultancies, etc

NHS: an example Amount of NHS funded research available online 90% Amount of NHS funded online research available to NHS staff 40% Amount of NHS funded Online research available to the public 30% Submission to the House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's Inquiry into Scientific Publications, Matthew Cockerill, BioMed Central

OA Repositories – the benefits for institutions © The University of Nottingham 2010

Showcase for institutions research output Marketing mechanism – internally and externally REF and research management – repositories support process Complies with research body requirements for open access publishing Allows systematic management and preservation of assets Encourages collaboration and inter-disciplinary work Benefits for institutions

Benefits for academics © The University of Nottingham 2010

Faster dissemination Wider readership Increased citation Compliance with funders mandates Secure environment to store own research output Personalise services – statistics on downloads, personal profiles/bibliographies Benefits for academics

What about the creative arts Visibility  Showcasing your work Preservation  Gallery content disappears  Personal websites go down From Constance Howard Collection For reuse rights see VADSVADS

“I’ve also had a number of international scholars and research students read my articles and listen to the music I have available in the repository. As a result, I am now pursuing collaborative research projects with music studios and researchers in Mexico and Norway” Monty Adkins, University of Huddersfield

Green Route Picture by Darkos

University Open Access repositories RepositoryFull-text items Downloads per month ORBi (Univ Liege, Belgium) USIR (Univ Salford, UK)) School of Electronics & Computer Science (Univ Southampton, UK) Slide from Alma Swan FNRS workshop, Brussels, Sep 2011

Gold Route Warren Pilkington, zawtowers, Flickr

Who pays? Two main options: Included in the research grant – most of the big funders will pay University publication funds – not common at the moment.

Survey by University of Nottingham 2009 Question: “Do you have an institutionally- coordinated approach to payment of per- article OA fees (such as a central fund)?” “Yes”: 8 institutions (14%) No correlation between institution type and OA fund No clear pattern of responsibility in the institution for funds – 7 of the 8 funds administered centrally 3 by library 3 by research support office 1 by graduate school

University of Nottingham Fund Usage Total number of requests over 4 years: 353 Requests per year – : 27 – : 83 – : 103 – : 140 Over 4 years – BMC: 180 – Non-BMC: 173

University of Nottingham Fund Costs Total costs: £390,851 Costs per year: – : £21,850 – : £85,880 – : £111,942 – : £171,179 Over 4 years – BMC: £166,951 – Non-BMC: £223,900

Article processing costs 2009/10 Average cost per article: £1,317 – BMC articles: £1,017 – Non-BMC articles: £1,556 Highest payment: £2,990 Lowest payment: £277 University of Nottingham

Houghton Report and Model Houghton et al, 2009 on the economic costs and benefits of OA An economic model examining the financial impact of: – Shift to OA via repositories with parallel subscription publishing (“Green” OA) – Shift to OA via repositories with overlay publishing services (“Green” OA + overlay) – Shift to publishing in OA journals (“Gold” OA) “It seems likely that more open access would have substantial net benefits…” Savings for HE – £115 million per year Increased returns on investment in R & D up to £170 million

University of Nottingham Outcome

Recommendations Short term: Encourage use of “Green” In parallel, facilitate a transition to “Gold” (with provisos) Long term “Gold” is preferable in the long run – less disruptive to status quo BUT the scale of the costs and the benefits depends on the future level of APCs, which it may be hard for policy-makers to influence; and there are higher transition costs in the transition to Gold compared with Green.

Academics’ views on OA

Academics’ views on OA

Academics’ views on OA

Levels of OA in repositories by subject in sciences Data: Yassine Gargouri and Stevan Harnad Slide from Alma Swan FNRS workshop, Brussels, Sep 2011

Some questions for you?

So what discourages people from making their work OA? What do you think about OA publishing? What would encourage more people to add their work to the repository?

All slides are licensed under a Creative Commons Licence except where stated