S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Electrical Communications Systems ECE Spring 2007 Shreekanth Mandayam ECE Department Rowan University Lecture 1a January 16, 2007

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan UniversityPlan Why are we studying ECOMMS? Technology successes, Trends and Decisions What is a communications system? Objectives Block diagram What limits our ability to communicate? Fundamental limits - Shannon’s Theorem Wireless comm evolution What are we studying in this course? Course logistics ECOMMS Readiness QUIZ, next Monday!

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Telecomm Trends (2003) arkets/yir_bigwinners03/index.htm rkets/yir_biglosers03/index.htm

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Telecomm Trends (2004)

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Telecomm Trends (2005)

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Telecomm Trends (2006) 2006: Tech winners and losers The best and worst tech performers in the S&P 500 this year. By Grace Wong, CNNMoney.com staff writerGrace Wong December : 12:02 PM EST NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- Nvidia tops the list for best performing tech stock in the S&P 500 this year. With a gain of 98 percent as of Wednesday, the graphics chip maker led the winners in More on tech's biggest winners and losers Software companies Cognizant Technology Solutions (Charts) and BMC Software (Charts) are also among the top 5 performing stocks - as is heavyweight Cisco Systems (Charts), which has climbed 59 percent so far this year.Cognizant Technology SolutionsChartsBMC SoftwareChartsCisco SystemsCharts On the other end of the spectrum, chipmaker AMD (Charts) has struggled as has Internet giant Yahoo (Charts). The worst performing tech stock of the year? ADC Telecommunications (Charts), which is down 35 percent in 2006.AMDChartsYahooCharts ADC TelecommunicationsCharts

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Communications: Where are we? GW?

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University

For the consumer Video/Camera 1.3 Megapixel Camera 2.2" 176 x 220 internal screen 65K TFT color display 1.0" 9 6 x 80 external 65K CSTN color display Video Resolution: 176x144 Camera Resolutions: 160x120, 320x240, 640x480, 1280x1024 Mobile Media VCAST Music and Video Service Mobile Web 2.0 Mobile Instant Messaging (IM) Picture and Video Messaging Service (MMS) Two-Way Text Messaging Service (SMS)Data & Text Up to 11 lines text Voice/Audio Advanced Speech Recognition Integrated speakerphone General Bluetooth Capable (v1.1) Supports the Headset, Handsfree Serial Port and Dial Up Networking Profiles. BroadbandAccess Connect microSD removable memory aGPS capable for E911 emergency location Specifications 1.9 GHz CDMA PCS I 800 MHz CDMA Dimensions: 3.86 x 2.08 x 0.57 inches Weight: 3.49 oz Battery: 780 mAH Li-Ion SAR: Ear-1.14, Body Usage Time: Up to 200 Minutes OR Standby Time: Up to 325 Hours Motorola Razr V325i

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Decisions, decisions….. I live in the Philadelphia metro area. What cell-phone carrier should I choose? Verizon, Cingular, T-Mobile, ……? I’m designing the next generation microprocessor. It’s going to be connected to Internet2. How do I design the right size the memory buffer? I’m designing the remote navigation for the Mars Rover. What’s the right bandwidth/data rate for control signal transmission?

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University What is a communications system? Communications Systems: Systems designed to transmit and receive information Info Source Info Source Info Sink Info Sink Comm System

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Block Diagram Receiver Rx received message to sink Transmitter Tx s(t) transmitted signal Channel r(t) received signal m(t) message from source Info Source Info Source Info Sink Info Sink n(t) noise

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University What limits our ability to communicate? NOISE!!!!! Noise: an unwanted, random fluctuation in the signal Without the effects of noise, a message with infinitesimally small power could be transmitted over infinitely large distances ALL advances in communications technology are advances to combat the effects of noise

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Fundamental Limit: Shannon’s Theorem (1948,1949) Theoretical limit for error-free transmission in a communications system in the presence of noise Source Data Rate: R [bits/sec] Channel Capacity: C = B log 2 (1 + S/N) [bits/sec] R < C: No Error!!!

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Mars Orbiter (Odyssey/Mars Global Surveyer) Mars Rover (Spirit/Opportunity) DSN Antenna (on Earth) 128 kbps 12k – 3.5k bps X-Band

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University Wireless Comm Evolution: UMTS (3G)

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan UniversityEvolution TECHNOLOGYFEATURES 1-G Late 1970’s, early 1980’s AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service -Analog voice service - No data service 2-G 1990’s CDMA Code Division Multiple Access TDMA Time Division Multiple Access GSM Global System for Mobile Communications PDC Personal digital cellular Digital voice service - 9.6K to 14.4K bit/sec. - CDMA, TDMA and PDC offer one-way data transmissions only - Enhanced calling features like caller ID - No always-on data connection 3-G 2000 and beyond W-CDMA Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access CDMA-2000 Based on the Interim Standard-95 CDMA standard TD-SCDMA Time-division synchronous CDMA - Superior voice quality - Up to 2M bit/sec. always-on data - Broadband data services like video and multimedia - Enhanced roaming

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University And there’s more…. Joseph M. Nowack,

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University ECOMMS: What are we studying? Electrical Communications Systems Measures of information and noise Capacities for information transmission Design of communications systems Measures of performance Communications circuits Communications protocols Hardware INdependent Hardware dependent

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University ECOMMS: Topics Receiver Rx Transmitter Tx s(t) Channel r(t) m(t) Modulation circuits and systems DSP Demodulation circuits and systems DSP Noise Wire/wireless Antennas/ Coupling Antennas/ Coupling Analog/digital Protocols Fundamental limits

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University ECOMMS: Details

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University ECOMMS: Course Logistics

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan University ECOMMS Readiness Quiz NEXT MONDAY, Jan 22, 12:40 PM Room 204/206 CLOSED Book and Notes Topics: Complex algebra, Phasors, Fourier Series, AC Circuits BRING YOUR CALCULATOR!

S. Mandayam/ ECOMMS/ECE Dept./Rowan UniversitySummary