Chapter Concepts Review Markup Languages OVERVIEW Chapter Concepts Review Markup Languages Examine Scripting Languages and Scripting Environments Explore Programming Languages Multimedia for the Web

INTRODUCTION Introduction Today, Web developers and programmers must have skills using markup, scripting, and programming languages Web server: The computer on which the files for Web pages are stored Web client: The computer from which the user views the pages on a Web browser Multimedia for the Web

INTRODUCTION Introduction When your Web page includes access to a script or program stored on a Web server, information must be sent from the Web client back to the Web server for processing, storage, and later retrieval Scripting and programming make the task of developing and maintaining Web sites easier Multimedia for the Web

INTRODUCTION Introduction Web developers design templates and then access the content dynamically through a database Markup, scripting, and programming languages make a multimedia Web site more interactive and more interesting Multimedia for the Web

Review Markup Languages CONCEPT 1 Review Markup Languages Markup language: Full set of instructions used to comprehensively describe the structural format of a piece of text or other media element Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML): Standard for defining the most common markup languages Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 SGML SGML: Consistent and precise method of applying markup tags so that electronic documents can be exchanged and revised between different computer systems SGML itself is not a markup language; rather the standard on which the most common markup languages are based Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 HTML/XHTML Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): Standard markup language used to create Web pages Continues to develop and evolve based on the controls set by the World Wide Web Consortium Extensible (XHTML): Provides support for XML; stricter in structure and syntax than previous versions of HTML Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 DHTML Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language (DHTML): Group of technologies used to create greater interactivity and page layout flexibility than is possible with XHTML alone Includes XHTML, JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and the Document Object Model (DOM) Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 DHTML DHTML: All major Web browsers support DHTML, but differ in terms of what each considers acceptable syntax and scripting code Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 VR Virtual reality (VR) on the Web is created using the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) (pronounced “ver-mal”) VRML: Simple and accessible way to create interactive worlds using 3-D graphics on the Web QuickTime VR: One of the most popular tools for creating virtual reality Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 SMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL): Offers control over synchronized multimedia by allowing individual components (such as audio, video, and graphics) to be played in relation to one another SMIL’s text-based format also makes editing Web-based multimedia applications easy Multimedia for the Web

XML defines the data’s actual content, meaning, or use CONCEPT 1 XML Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language, but it is also a metalanguage XML defines the data’s actual content, meaning, or use By using XHTML and XML together, formatting can be separated from the content Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 XML Same XML source document can be written once, then displayed in a variety of ways Allows documents to be viewed by various browsers without having to be specifically rewritten for each one Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 XML Because an XML file will work on any communications device, it won’t become obsolete as hardware and communications devices evolve XML provides a way for databases from different vendors to exchange information across the Internet XML is having a dramatic impact on the Web page development process Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 1 WML Wireless Markup Language (WML): Based on the Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML), which in turn is a subset of HTML WML is the current standard for Web delivery on wireless handheld devices WML is read and interpreted by a microbrowser that is built in to a wireless handheld device Multimedia for the Web

Scripting Languages Scripts extend the capabilities of XHTML CONCEPT 2 Scripting Languages Scripts extend the capabilities of XHTML Scripting languages are not as powerful as programming languages It is important to test Web pages that contain scripts to ensure that they function as intended Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 2 JavaScript JavaScript: Object-oriented scripting language developed by Netscape to extend the capabilities of HTML Object-oriented scripting language: Programmers describe data and procedures in terms of objects, methods, and properties Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 2 JavaScript JavaScript and Java are very different in their capabilities and execution JavaScript adds interactivity and dynamic content to Web pages Cookies store data on the Web client JavaScript has been updated and extended to support newer browser capabilities Multimedia for the Web

JavaScript JavaScript can do the following: Add scrolling messages CONCEPT 2 JavaScript JavaScript can do the following: Add scrolling messages Open a new pop-up window Verify data input from forms Create animation and dynamic images Insert mouse rollovers Create and read cookies Display the current date and time Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 2 Visual Basic Microsoft VBScript is a script version of Microsoft Visual Basic (VB) programming language VBScript is not cross platform; its popularity on the client-side of the Web is limited VBScript: Primary scripting language used for Active Server Pages (ASP) Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 2 Java Server Pages Java Server Pages (JSP): Similar to ASP, is the Java-based technology for generating dynamic Web pages with cross-platform and cross-Web-server support The JSP environment is not a scripting language and therefore it is not the same as JavaScript Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 2 PHP PHP (officially PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a server-side scripting language for creating dynamic Web page components PHP is open source and runs on multiple platforms Use PHP to set cookies, manage authentication, and redirect users Multimedia for the Web

Explore Programming Languages CONCEPT 3 Explore Programming Languages Programming for Web page development is used to write programs that are accessed or called from an XHTML file They extend the capabilities of a Web page beyond what is possible with markup and scripting languages Multimedia for the Web

Explore Programming Languages CONCEPT 3 Explore Programming Languages If you need to store information in a server database or provide customized Web pages, server-side scripts or programs are usually the better solution Often a combination of both client-side scripts and server-side scripts/programs are needed Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 3 PERL Practical Extraction and Report Language (Perl) is a powerful and flexible programming language Many server-side programs are created in Perl Powerful for manipulating text Handles encrypted Web data, including e-commerce transactions Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 3 Java Java: Sun Microsystems’s full-fledged, object-oriented programming language Applets: Small programs designed to be executed within another application or from a Web page Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 3 Java Before Java code can be run, it has to be processed by a special program to create an executable file or a Java applet Web browser loads the applet or the executable file; has special built-in engine that can execute this file and display the output on the page Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 3 Visual Basic Visual Basic: Considered a high-level programming language, which means that almost all of the commands are English derivatives Visual Basic includes many features specifically designed for database development and integration as well as the creation of server-side application Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 3 C# C# (pronounced “C sharp”): Modern, object-oriented language that enables programmers to quickly build a wide range of applications for the Microsoft .Net platform Incorporates the best of C, Visual Basic, C++, and Java Offers the optimum productivity that Web developers need Multimedia for the Web

CONCEPT 3 ActiveX ActiveX: Extension of object linking and embedding (OLE); create objects with one application and then link or embed them in another Works best in a Windows environment Fine for intranets, where the platform is likely to be more consistent or at least more controllable Multimedia for the Web

Summary Review Markup Languages SGML HTML/XHTML DHTML VR SMIL XML Multimedia for the Web

Summary WML Scripting Languages JavaScript Visual Basic Java Server Pages PHP Multimedia for the Web

Summary Explore Programming Languages PERL Java Visual Basic C# ActiveX Multimedia for the Web