Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on.

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Cosmic rays and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB’s) Prepared by Brant Carlson, Morris Cohen, and Benjamin Cotts Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on Advancing VLF through the Global AWESOME Network

Gamma Rays and the Ionosphere Solar ionization disappears at night Recombination rates on the order of ms Nighttime density maintained by cosmic ray flux

Gamma-ray bursts Associated with very energetic explosions  Collapsing star  Supernova formation Typically lasts a few ms to several minutes Accidentally discovered by Vela-3 spacecraft in 1967

Gamma-ray waveform Broad variety of durations and shapes

Gamma-ray burst on the ionosphere From Fishman et al. 1988

Massive gamma-ray burst From Inan et al. 2007

Second timescale characteristics From Inan et al dB disturbance!! From Inan et al. 2007

Minutes timescale characteristic From Inan et al Slow recovery

Hour timescale characteristic From Inan et al Recovery lasts for over 1 hour!

ELF emissions generated From Inan et al Mechanism for ELF emissions in question….

GRBs/SGRs and VLF sensing VLF remote sensing of D-region ionosphere GRBs repeatedly disturb ionosphere

NLK: 16-hour observations Largest disturbances

NLK: most spectacular cases

SGR-Illuminated hemisphere January 22 nd, 2009, 6:48 UT Calculated using

Sunrise position 0250 UT 0650 UT 1050 UT