Mesozoic Geology Beginning of the Modern World. Mesozoic 248-65 Myr.

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Presentation transcript:

Mesozoic Geology Beginning of the Modern World

Mesozoic Myr

Highlights of Mesozoic Geology 1.Pangea was breaking up to form the “modern continents” 2.East Coast of NA rifted to become a passive margin, while the West Coast became active 3.Sea level went from a Phanerozoic low in the Triassic to a Phanerozoic high in the Cretaceaous 4.Dominated by warm climate (no ice ages)

Mesozoic Rock Mostly Oceanic Deposits Mostly Orogenic Rocks Mostly Rift Rocks

The Breakup of Pangea 1.Rifting of Laurasia and Gondwana to expand the Tethys Sea 2.Rifting of Gondwana to form Indian Ocean 3.Rifting of South America & Africa forming southern Atlantic 4.Rifting of North America and Europe to form North Atlantic 5.Rifting of Australia & Antarctica

Beginning of the Triassic

Late Triassic

Jurassic 1

Early Cretaceous 2

Middle Cretaceous 3 4

Late Cretaceous 5

East Coast Geology

Jurassic 1

Rifting Margin

East African Rift Valley Volcanic Rocks Lake & River Sediments Evaporites Marine Deposits

Palisades Sill (Basalt), NY

Evaporites in the Gulf

Mesozoic Oil Deposits

Rifting Margin

What’s Happening in the West? Orogenies

Active Margin: Subduction

Mesozoic Batholiths

West “Coast”

Terrane Accretion & the Growth of North America

Andean Orogeny

Central US Geology

Mesozoic Seas TransgressionRegression Low High

Sedimentary Sequences of NA Blue = No deposition

Cretaceous Seaway

Mesozoic Climate - Hot Times Triassic: Arid and Warm Cretaceous: Warm and Wet

Evidence - Triassic/Jurassic Redbeds Evaporites Fossils Dunes

Evidence - Cretaceous Arctic Coal Arctic Dinosaurs

What Led to Cretaceous Climate? 1.High Sea Level - Absorbs more solar energy 2.Increased Carbon Dioxide - Greenhouse Effect  Increased Sea Floor Spreading  Superplumes?

Superplumes & Large Igneous Provinces (LIPS) Several Oceanic Plateaus formed around 125 Myrs

Warm Oceans and Oil

Mesozoic Extinctions

When (End of…) Species Loss** Major Loses to Triassic80 ± 4% Most synapsids Cretaceous76 ± 5% Dinosaurs, marine reptiles, ammonites Triassic Extinction led to Dominance of Dinosaurs

K/T Extinction

Evidence Iridium Shocked Quartz

Global Distribution of Iridium

The Impact Site

What Happened? Immediate Area 1.Tsunami & Fallout

What Happened? Global Effects 1.Darkness - decrease in photosynthesis 2.Cold (2-3 Months of -20°C) 3.Followed by Greenhouse warming 4.Acid Rain 5.Wildfires 6.Toxic Seawater