EET 450 Motherboards

Personal Computer History n TI invented the IC –6 transistors n Intel introduced 1k-bit memory chip n Intel the 1st microprocessor chip (4 bit processor) – the 8008 introduced

PC History n Personal computers using the 8008 appeared (kits) n late Intel 8080 –Jan the Altair kit - Popular Electronics feature article n 1975 IBM introduced Model 5100 –$9,000 PC –5110 and 5120 followed

PC History n Apple I introduced ($695) n Apple II n up to 1980 the dominant computer was the S-100 bus system running CP/M –(See the North Star Horizon) n IBM introduced the PC –The rest is history

THE PC n The Personal Computer currently is based around the MOTHERBOARD n This main logic board has evolved from one containing only the primary logic required to tie together the basic functional units of the PC to an integrated processor/support structure.

Motherboard n Motherboard, main board, system board, and planar n Primary elements –Processor –Processor sockets –Clock circuitry –Cache Memory –SIMM/DIMM memory

Other Elements n Bus –Differing by type/speed/etc. n BIOS n Form Factor - Size/shape n Built in Interfaces –IDE, Floppy, Serial Port, Parallel Port, Video Display, Sound card, NIB

Other Elements n Plug and Play capability n Power Management n Motherboard chipset –‘glue’ logic

Motherboard Chipset n Parity –Triton II (430HX) n Non-parity –Triton (430FX) –430TX –430VX n Pentium Pro –Orion (450KX & 450 GX type) or Natoma (440FX)

BIOS n ROM Bios is being replaced by other forms of non-volatile memory –flash –eeprom n The basis of how the system will work n provides drivers for certain classes of hardware –ie. Floppy drives, hard drives, PnP, Power

Bios n Original Equipment Manufacturer’s –Compaq –AT & T –make their own BIOS n ROM BIOS developers –American Megatrends, Inc. (AMI) –Award Software –Phoenix Software

BIOS n AMI –most popular of the 3rd party versions –BIOS ID String can provide specific information about the version and features of any AMI version. –Does not sell code to OEM - licensed only –

BIOS n Award –Sells code to OEM’s – n Phoenix –the standard of compatibility –developed using clean room approach –excellent documentation –

Motherboard Form Factor n Backplane systems –passive - only connectors –active - includes bus control + n Full-Size AT –12” x 13.8” n Baby AT –8.58” x 13.04

Form Factor n LPX –expansion cards plugged into motherbd –Low profile/slimline design –connectors for kb/mouse/video/ser/par –9” x 13” or 8.2” x 10.4” (mini) n ATX –an INTEL spec –released July 95

–Low cost, flexible design responds to many user concerns for accessibility and maintainability –12” x 9” –Single 20-pin power connector called a P1 connector –Includes software enabled power-on switch

n Mini ATX –ATX board with compact design –11” x 8”

CPU Form Factor n SEP – Single Edge Processor (slot 1) n SECC – Single Edge Contact Cartridge (PII/III Slot 1) n SECC2 – SECC, version 2 n PPGA – Plastic Pin Grid Array –Socket 370 n FC-PGA – Flip Chip PGA

CPU Form Factor n See Table 3-7 and Figure 3-10 for older chip information n Currently, P4 uses a Socket 478 configuration n AMD uses a Socket A configuration

CPU Sockets/Slots n Slot mount CPU’s are fading fast n Sockets should be ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) n Cooling systems are an integral part of any CPU installation -

Bus Slots n The bus –pathway of ‘parallel’ signals –Various bus functions n Processor n Memory n Address n I/O –Normally BUS refers to expansion bus

Bus Slots n The PCI Interface is the standard for expansion –See table 3-10 for busses through history n The AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) bus provides specialized support for video display adapter –1x, 2x, 4x …

Memory Expansion n Motherboard must contain expansion area for memory –FPM – Fast Page –EDO – Extended Data Out –BEDO – Burst EDO –SDRAM – Synchronous DRAM –Rambus DRAM – uses faster bus –DDR SDRAM – Double Data Rate SDRAM

Memory Expansion n 30pin SIMM n 72pin SIMM n 168pin DIMM – current standard n RAMBUS

Memory n Cache Memory –L1 – closest to the CPU (on the CPU Substrate) –L2 – external to CPU

CMOS Settings n Part of BIOS setup n See table 3-12 n Standard n Advanced CMOS setup n Advanced Chip-set setup n Power Setup

Assignment n See schedule